Related papers: Windmills of the minds: an algorithm for Fermat's …

If there is one polygon inscribed into some smooth conic and circumscribed about another one, then there are infinitely many such polygons. This is Poncelet's theorem. The aim of this note is to collect some (mostly classical) versions of…

The double pendulum, a simple system of classical mechanics, is widely studied as an example of, and testbed for, chaotic dynamics. In 2016, Maiti et al. studied a generalization of the simple double pendulum with equal point-masses at…

This work contains two papers: the first published in 2022 and entitled "On the nature of some Euler's double equations equivalent to Fermat's last theorem" provides a marvellous proof through the so-called discordant forms of appropriate…

We consider a compact Riemann surface with a holomorphic involution, two marked fixed points of the involution and a divisor obeying an equation up to linear equivalence of divisors involving all this data. Examples of such data are Fermi…

We show that an elementary proof of Fermat's Last Theorem (FLT) exists. Our paper also extends the scope of FLT from integers to all rational numbers.

Hindman's Theorem is a prototypical example of a combinatorial theorem with a proof that uses the topology of the ultrafilters. We show how the methods of this proof, including topological arguments about ultrafilters, can be translated…

By considering the partition function of the topological 2D gravity, a conformal field theory on the Airy curve emerges as the mirror theory of Gromov-Witten theory of a point. In particular, a formula for bosonic n-point functions in terms…

Let K be a number field, let f: P_1 --> P_1 be a nonconstant rational map of degree greater than 1, let S be a finite set of places of K, and suppose that u, w in P_1(K) are not preperiodic under f. We prove that the set of (m,n) in N^2…

In this paper, we use some basic quasi-topos theory to study two functors: one adding infinitesimals of Fermat reals to diffeological spaces (which generalize smooth manifolds including singular spaces and infinite dimensional spaces), and…

Mathematical proofs are both paradigms of certainty and some of the most explicitly-justified arguments that we have in the cultural record. Their very explicitness, however, leads to a paradox, because the probability of error grows…

Using Fermat's two squares theorem and properties of cyclotomic polynomials, we prove assertions about when numbers of the form $a^{n}+1$ can be expressed as the sum of two integer squares. We prove that $a^n + 1$ is the sum of two squares…

We prove Euler's theorem of number theory developing an argument based on quandles. A quandle is an algebraic structure whose axioms mimic the three Reidemeister moves of knot theory.

A permutation is said to be a square if it can be obtained by shuffling two order-isomorphic patterns. The definition is intended to be the natural counterpart to the ordinary shuffle of words and languages. In this paper, we tackle the…

The main goal of this expository article is to survey recent progress on the arithmetic Siegel-Weil formula and its applications. We begin with the classical sum of two squares problem and put it in the context of the Siegel-Weil formula.…

Fermat's statement is equivalent to say that if $x$, $y$, $z$, $n$ are integers and $n>2$, then $z^{n}\gtrless x^{n}+y^{n}$. This is proved with the aid of numbers $\lambda $'s, of the form $\lambda =z/\rho $, with $1<\rho<z$, named…

In this article we present a method for constructing two-point functions in the spirit of the hexagon proposal, which leads us to propose a "square form factor". Since cutting the square gives us two squares, we can write a consistency…

Walnut is a software that using automata can prove theorems in combinatorics on words about automatic sequences. We are able to apply this software to both prove new results as well as reprove some old results on avoiding squares and cubes…

The symmetric function theorem states that a polynomial that is invariant under permutation of variables, is a polynomial in the elementary symmetric polynomials. We deduce this classical result, in the analytic setting, from the…

In the present paper we study, in a mathematically non-formal way, the validity of the Fermat's Last Theorem (FLT) by generalizing the usual procedure of extracting the square root of non convenient objects initially introduced by P. A. M.…

We present and analyze rigorously a quadratically convergent algorithm to compute an invariant circle for 2-dimensional maps along with the corresponding foliation by stable manifolds. We prove that when the algorithm starts from an initial…