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This paper proposes the Humanoid-inspired Structural Causal Model (HSCM), a novel causal framework inspired by human intelligence, designed to overcome the limitations of conventional domain generalization models. Unlike approaches that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ze Tao , Jian Zhang , Haowei Li , Xianshuai Li , Yifei Peng , Xiyao Liu , Senzhang Wang , Chao Liu , Sheng Ren , Shichao Zhang

In multivariate time series analysis, understanding the underlying causal relationships among variables is often of interest for various applications. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) provide a powerful framework for representing causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-30 Arkaprava Roy , Anindya Roy , Subhashis Ghosal

Real-world data distributions often shift continuously across multiple latent factors such as time, geography, and socioeconomic contexts. However, existing domain generalization approaches typically treat domains as discrete or as evolving…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-30 Zekun Cai , Yiheng Yao , Guangji Bai , Renhe Jiang , Xuan Song , Ryosuke Shibasaki , Liang Zhao

Self-awareness is the key capability of autonomous systems, e.g., autonomous driving network, which relies on highly efficient time series forecasting algorithm to enable the system to reason about the future state of the environment, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Minh-Thanh Bui , Duc-Thinh Ngo , Demin Lu , Zonghua Zhang

Scenario-based testing of automated driving functions has become a promising method to reduce time and cost compared to real-world testing. In scenario-based testing automated functions are evaluated in a set of pre-defined scenarios. These…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Christoph Glasmacher , Michael Schuldes , Sleiman El Masri , Lutz Eckstein

Most existing multivariate time series forecasting methods adopt an all-to-all paradigm that feeds all variable histories into a unified model to predict their future values without distinguishing their individual roles. However, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Xingyu Zhang , Hanyun Du , Zeen Song , Siyu Zhao , Changwen Zheng , Wenwen Qiang

An important goal common to domain adaptation and causal inference is to make accurate predictions when the distributions for the source (or training) domain(s) and target (or test) domain(s) differ. In many cases, these different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Sara Magliacane , Thijs van Ommen , Tom Claassen , Stephan Bongers , Philip Versteeg , Joris M. Mooij

The promise that causal modelling can lead to robust AI generalization has been challenged in recent work on domain generalization (DG) benchmarks. We revisit the claims of the causality and DG literature, reconciling apparent…

Accurate prediction of vehicle trajectories is vital for advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous vehicles. Existing methods mainly rely on generic trajectory predictions derived from large datasets, overlooking the personalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Amr Abdelraouf , Rohit Gupta , Kyungtae Han

Driver intention prediction seeks to anticipate drivers' actions by analyzing their behaviors with respect to surrounding traffic environments. Existing approaches primarily focus on late-fusion techniques, and neglect the importance of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Yunsheng Ma , Wenqian Ye , Xu Cao , Amr Abdelraouf , Kyungtae Han , Rohit Gupta , Ziran Wang

Structural Causal Models (SCMs) offer a principled framework to reason about interventions and support out-of-distribution generalization, which are key goals in scientific discovery. However, the task of learning SCMs from observed data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Divyat Mahajan , Jannes Gladrow , Agrin Hilmkil , Cheng Zhang , Meyer Scetbon

Practical learning-based autonomous driving models must be capable of generalizing learned behaviors from simulated to real domains, and from training data to unseen domains with unusual image properties. In this paper, we investigate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Shivam Akhauri , Laura Zheng , Tom Goldstein , Ming Lin

Face Anti-Spoofing (FAS) is pivotal in safeguarding facial recognition systems against presentation attacks. While domain generalization (DG) methods have been developed to enhance FAS performance, they predominantly focus on learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Qianyu Zhou , Ke-Yue Zhang , Taiping Yao , Xuequan Lu , Shouhong Ding , Lizhuang Ma

Training a deep learning model with artificially generated data can be an alternative when training data are scarce, yet it suffers from poor generalization performance due to a large domain gap. In this paper, we characterize the domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Gilhyun Nam , Gyeongjae Choi , Kyungmin Lee

Accurate trajectory prediction of vehicles is essential for reliable autonomous driving. To maintain consistent performance as a vehicle driving around different cities, it is crucial to adapt to changing traffic circumstances and achieve…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Peng Bao , Zonghai Chen , Jikai Wang , Deyun Dai , Hao Zhao

Real-world implementations of connected vehicle functions are spreading steadily, yet operating these functions reliably remains challenging due to their distributed nature and the complexity of the underlying cloud, edge, and networking…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Matthias Weiß , Falk Dettinger , Elias Detrois , Nasser Jazdi , Michael Weyrich

Predicting temporally consistent road users' trajectories in a multi-agent setting is a challenging task due to unknown characteristics of agents and their varying intentions. Besides using semantic map information and modeling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Rezaul Karim , Soheil Mohamad Alizadeh Shabestary , Amir Rasouli

Modeling complex spatiotemporal dependencies in correlated traffic series is essential for traffic prediction. While recent works have shown improved prediction performance by using neural networks to extract spatiotemporal correlations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Junpeng Lin , Ziyue Li , Zhishuai Li , Lei Bai , Rui Zhao , Chen Zhang

Accurately tracking and predicting behaviors of surrounding objects are key prerequisites for intelligent systems such as autonomous vehicles to achieve safe and high-quality decision making and motion planning. However, there still remain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Jiachen Li , Wei Zhan , Yeping Hu , Masayoshi Tomizuka

We present a new method for multi-modal, long-term vehicle trajectory prediction. Our approach relies on using lane centerlines captured in rich maps of the environment to generate a set of proposed goal paths for each vehicle. Using these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Lingyao Zhang , Po-Hsun Su , Jerrick Hoang , Galen Clark Haynes , Micol Marchetti-Bowick