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In this paper we consider a Metzner-Kapturowski-like decoding algorithm for high-order interleaved sum-rank-metric codes, offering a novel perspective on the decoding process through the concept of an error code. The error code, defined as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Thomas Jerkovits , Felicitas Hörmann , Hannes Bartz

Quantum error correction (QEC) is critical for scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing. Topological codes, such as the toric code, offer hardware-efficient architectures but their Tanner graphs contain many girth-4 cycles that degrade the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Luca Menti , Francisco Lázaro

Color codes are promising quantum error correction (QEC) codes because they have an advantage over surface codes in that all Clifford gates can be implemented transversally. However, thresholds of color codes under circuit-level noise are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-18 Yugo Takada , Keisuke Fujii

Realizing the full potential of quantum computation requires Quantum Error Correction (QEC). QEC reduces error rates by encoding logical information across redundant physical qubits, enabling errors to be detected and corrected. A common…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-05 Yotam Peled , David Zenati , Eliya Nachmani

We describe a pipeline approach to decoding the surface code using minimum weight perfect matching, including taking into account correlations between detection events. An independent no-communication parallelizable processing stage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-13 Alexandru Paler , Austin G. Fowler

The successive cancellation list decoder (SCL) is an efficient decoder for classical polar codes with low decoding error, approximating the maximum likelihood decoder (MLD) for small list sizes. Here we adapt the SCL to the task of decoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Anqi Gong , Joseph M. Renes

Topological quantum error correction codes are currently among the most promising candidates for efficiently dealing with the decoherence effects inherently present in quantum devices. Numerically, their theoretical error threshold can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-13 Ruben S. Andrist , Helmut G. Katzgraber , H. Bombin , M. A. Martin-Delgado

Quantum error correction (QEC) is indispensable for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation, yet its effectiveness hinges critically on the classical decoding algorithm that interprets noisy syndrome measurements. Among all possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Hanyan Cao , Ge Yan , Yuxuan Du , Feng Pan

Quantum error correction, which utilizes logical qubits that are encoded as redundant multiple physical qubits to find and correct errors in physical qubits, is indispensable for practical quantum computing. Surface code is considered to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Hoshitaro Ohnishi , Hideo Mukai

We introduce heterogeneous quantum error-correcting codes composed of qubit types with distinct error channels and study their performance in the code-capacity regime using maximum-likelihood tensor network decoding. In the regime where…

We refine an old idea for performing fault-tolerant error correction in topological codes by simulating confining interactions between excitations. We implement confinement using an array of local classical processors that measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Ethan Lake

Kitaev's toric code is one of the most prominent models for fault-tolerant quantum computation, currently regarded as the leading solution for connectivity constrained quantum technologies. Significant effort has been recently devoted to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Julien du Crest , Mehdi Mhalla , Valentin Savin

Quantum Surface codes are a kind of quantum topological stabilizer codes whose stabilizers and qubits are geometrically related. Due to their special structures, surface codes have great potential to lead people to large-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-23 Yaping Yuan , Chung-Chin Lu

Quantum low-density parity-check codes are promising candidates for low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing, but degeneracy is known to impair the convergence of belief-propagation (BP) decoding of these codes. In this work, we show…

Quantum error correction (QEC) enables reliable computation on noisy hardware by encoding logical information across many physical qubits and periodically measuring parities to detect errors. A decoder is the classical algorithm that uses…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Abtin Molavi , Feras Saad , Aws Albarghouthi

Encoding quantum information in a quantum error correction (QEC) code enhances protection against errors. Imperfection of quantum devices due to decoherence effects will limit the fidelity of quantum gate operations. In particular, neutral…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 J. J. Postema , S. J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans

The realization of scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing is expected to hinge on quantum error-correcting codes. In the quest for more efficient quantum fault tolerance, a critical code parameter is the weight of measurements that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-21 Austin Yubo He , Zi-Wen Liu

We investigate a family of fault-tolerant quantum error correction schemes based on the concatenation of small error detection or error correction codes with the three-dimensional cluster state. We propose fault-tolerant state preparation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Zhaoyi Li , Isaac Kim , Patrick Hayden

Large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computations will be enabled by quantum error-correcting codes (QECC). This work presents the first systematic technique to test the accuracy and effectiveness of different QECC decoding schemes by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Arshpreet Singh Maan , Alexandru Paler

We describe an empirical approach to identify low-weight combinations of columns of the decoding matrices of a quantum circuit-level noise model, for which belief-propagation (BP) algorithms converge possibly very slowly. Focusing on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Haggai Landa