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The sensitivity parameter is widely used for quantifying fine tuning. However, examples show it fails to give correct results under certain circumstances. We argue that the problems of the sensitivity parameter are almost identical to the…
Individual scores on common factors are required in some applied settings (e.g., business and marketing settings). Common factors are based on reflective indicators, but their scores cannot unambiguously be determined. Therefore, factor…
To represent real $m$-dimensional vectors, a positional vector system given by a non-singular matrix $M \in \mathbb{Z}^{m \times m}$ and a digit set $\mathcal{D} \subset \mathbb{Z}^m$ is used. If $m = 1$, the system coincides with the well…
Referring to a standard context of voting theory, and to the classic notion of voting situation, here we show that it is possible to observe any arbitrary set of elections' outcomes, no matter how paradoxical it may appear. On this purpose…
We argue that a quantum aether is consistent with the principle of relativity and can provide an economical way of having an invariant quantum gravity or Planck scale. We also show that it may change the effective scale at which quantum…
In the analysis a status and parameters of the scalar, vector, and tensor mesonic resonances are obtained and compared with other results. Possible classification of the resonance states in terms of the SU(3) multiplets is discussed.
We scrutinize the impact of various relevant scalar leptoquarks on the physical observables associated with the rare semileptonic decay processes of $B_s$ meson involving $b \to (u, c) l\bar \nu_l$ quark level transitions. We constrain the…
Extensions of the Standard Model that include vector-like quarks commonly also include additional particles that may mediate new production or decay modes. Using as example the minimal linear $\sigma$ model, that reduces to the minimal…
Scalar adjectives pertain to various domain scales and vary in intensity within each scale (e.g. certain is more intense than likely on the likelihood scale). Scalar implicatures arise from the consideration of alternative statements which…
Metric perturbations in General Relativity are usually separated into three distinct classes: scalar, vector, and tensor. In many cases these modes are separable, i.e. they satisfy independent equations of motion for each mode. However, in…
Some of the consequences for inflationary cosmology of a scale dependence (running) in the tilt of the scalar perturbation spectrum are considered. In the limit where the running is itself approximately scale-invariant, a relationship is…
The paper considers linear regression problems where the number of predictor variables is possibly larger than the sample size. The basic motivation of the study is to combine the points of view of model selection and functional regression…
An algorithm is described for the construction of actions for scalar, spinor, and vector gauge fields that remains well-defined when the metric is degenerate and that involve no contravariant tensor fields. These actions produce the…
In general, modified gravity theories are modifications or extensions of Einstein's general relativity. Some of them give rise to additional scalar degrees of freedom in Nature. If these scalar fields exist and are light enough, they should…
There is much interest lately in explainability in statistics and machine learning. One aspect of explainability is to quantify the importance of various features (or covariates). Two popular methods for defining variable importance are…
We study conditions under which the addition of variables to a regression equation can turn a previously statistically insignificant result into a significant one. Specifically, we characterize the minimum strength of association required…
A multichannel description of the light scalar mesons in the framework of the Resonance-Spectrum Expansion is generalised by including vector-vector and scalar-scalar channels, besides the usual pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar channels.…
An econometric or statistical model may undergo a marginal gain if we admit a new variable to the model, and a marginal loss if we remove an existing variable from the model. Assuming equality of opportunity among all candidate variables,…
Experimentally, certain degrees of freedom may appear classical because their quantum fluctuations are smaller than the experimental error associated with measuring them. An approximation to a fully quantum theory is described in which the…
Machine learning is often viewed as an inherently value-neutral process: statistical tendencies in the training inputs are "simply" used to generalize to new examples. However when models impact social systems such as interactions between…