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Large language models (LLMs) have recently transformed natural language processing, enabling machines to generate human-like text and engage in meaningful conversations. This development necessitates speed, efficiency, and accessibility in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Christopher Wolters , Xiaoxuan Yang , Ulf Schlichtmann , Toyotaro Suzumura

Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory (Optane PMM) is a new kind of byte-addressable memory with higher density and lower cost than DRAM. This enables the design of affordable systems that support up to 6TB of randomly accessible memory. In…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Gurbinder Gill , Roshan Dathathri , Loc Hoang , Ramesh Peri , Keshav Pingali

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have established new performance benchmarks in vision tasks such as image recognition and object detection. However, these advancements come with significant demands for memory and computational resources,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Cong Wang , Zexin Fu , Jiayi Huang , Shanshi Huang

With the rapid advent of generative models, efficiently deploying these models on specialized hardware has become critical. Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) are designed to accelerate AI workloads, but their high power consumption…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhantong Zhu , Hongou Li , Wenjie Ren , Meng Wu , Le Ye , Ru Huang , Tianyu Jia

The modern implementation of machine learning architectures faces significant challenges due to frequent data transfer between memory and processing units. In-memory computing, primarily through memristor-based analog computing, offers a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Omar Ghazal , Tian Lan , Shalman Ojukwu , Komal Krishnamurthy , Alex Yakovlev , Rishad Shafik

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have propelled the capabilities of Large Language Models, yet their ability to mimic nuanced human reasoning remains limited. This paper introduces a novel conceptual enhancement to LLMs,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Sumedh Rasal

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architecture is an inherent match for data analytics application, but we observe major challenges to address when accelerating it using PIM. In this paper, we propose Darwin, a practical LRDIMM-based multi-level…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Donghyuk Kim , Jae-Young Kim , Wontak Han , Jongsoon Won , Haerang Choi , Yongkee Kwon , Joo-Young Kim

With the widespread use of deep neural networks(DNNs) in intelligent systems, DNN accelerators with high performance and energy efficiency are greatly demanded. As one of the feasible processing-in-memory(PIM) architectures,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Junpeng Wang , Mengke Ge , Bo Ding , Qi Xu , Song Chen , Yi Kang

Graphs are a representation of structured data that captures the relationships between sets of objects. With the ubiquity of available network data, there is increasing industrial and academic need to quickly analyze graphs with billions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Brandon Mayer , Anton Tsitsulin , Hendrik Fichtenberger , Jonathan Halcrow , Bryan Perozzi

Deep neural networks (DNNs) typically employ an end-to-end (E2E) training paradigm which presents several challenges, including high GPU memory consumption, inefficiency, and difficulties in model parallelization during training. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Yuming Zhang , Shouxin Zhang , Peizhe Wang , Feiyu Zhu , Dongzhi Guan , Junhao Su , Jiabin Liu , Changpeng Cai

Bulk-bitwise processing-in-memory (PIM), where large bitwise operations are performed in parallel by the memory array itself, is an emerging form of computation with the potential to mitigate the memory wall problem. This paper examines the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Ben Perach , Ronny Ronen , Benny Kimelfeld , Shahar Kvatinsky

Bit-serial Processing-In-Memory (PIM) is an attractive paradigm for accelerator architectures, for parallel workloads such as Deep Learning (DL), because of its capability to achieve massive data parallelism at a low area overhead and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Aman Arora , Jian Weng , Siyuan Ma , Tony Nowatzki , Lizy K. John

Deep Learning neural networks are pervasive, but traditional computer architectures are reaching the limits of being able to efficiently execute them for the large workloads of today. They are limited by the von Neumann bottleneck: the high…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Wilfried Haensch , Anand Raghunathan , Kaushik Roy , Bhaswar Chakrabarti , Charudatta M. Phatak , Cheng Wang , Supratik Guha

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on edge devices with Neural Processing Units (NPUs), yet the decode phase remains memory-intensive, limiting performance. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) offers a promising solution, but…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hai Huang

In-memory associative processor architectures are offered as a great candidate to overcome memory-wall bottleneck and to enable vector/parallel arithmetic operations. In this paper, we extend the functionality of the associative processor…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Mira Hout , Mohammed E. Fouda , Rouwaida Kanj , Ahmed M. Eltawil

In-DRAM Processing-In-Memory (DRAM-PIM) has emerged as a promising approach to accelerate memory-intensive workloads by mitigating data transfer overhead between DRAM and the host processor. Bit-serial DRAM-PIM architectures, further…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Siyuan Ma , Jiajun Hu , Jeeho Ryoo , Aman Arora , Lizy Kurian John

Computing-In-Memory (CIM) offers a potential solution to the memory wall issue and can achieve high energy efficiency by minimizing data movement, making it a promising architecture for edge AI devices. Lightweight models like MobileNet and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Choongseok Song , Doo Seok Jeong

Inspired by the success of Google's Pregel, many systems have been developed recently for iterative computation over big graphs. These systems provide a user-friendly vertex-centric programming interface, where a programmer only needs to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-01-22 Da Yan , Yuzhen Huang , James Cheng , Huanhuan Wu

In-memory computing is an emerging computing paradigm that could enable deeplearning inference at significantly higher energy efficiency and reduced latency. The essential idea is to map the synaptic weights corresponding to each layer to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Martino Dazzi , Abu Sebastian , Pier Andrea Francese , Thomas Parnell , Luca Benini , Evangelos Eleftheriou

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence, but their computational requirements remain prohibitive for most users. Standard inference demands expensive datacenter GPUs or cloud API access, leaving over one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Nii Osae Osae Dade , Tony Morri , Moinul Hossain Rahat , Sayandip Pal