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Studying how to fine-tune offline reinforcement learning (RL) pre-trained policy is profoundly significant for enhancing the sample efficiency of RL algorithms. However, directly fine-tuning pre-trained policies often results in sub-optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Ziqi Zhang , Xiao Xiong , Zifeng Zhuang , Jinxin Liu , Donglin Wang

Translating natural language into SQL (Test2SQL) is a longstanding challenge at the intersection of natural language understanding and structured data access. While large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved fluency in SQL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhewei Yao , Guoheng Sun , Lukasz Borchmann , Gaurav Nuti , Zheyu Shen , Minghang Deng , Bohan Zhai , Hao Zhang , Ang Li , Yuxiong He

Reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled machine learning models to achieve significant advances in many fields. Most recently, RL has empowered frontier language models to solve challenging math, science, and coding problems. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Mihir Prabhudesai , Lili Chen , Alex Ippoliti , Katerina Fragkiadaki , Hao Liu , Deepak Pathak

Temperature is a crucial hyperparameter in large language models (LLMs), controlling the trade-off between exploration and exploitation during text generation. High temperatures encourage diverse but noisy outputs, while low temperatures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Haoran Dang , Cuiling Lan , Hai Wan , Xibin Zhao , Yan Lu

Policy-gradient approaches to reinforcement learning have two common and undesirable overhead procedures, namely warm-start training and sample variance reduction. In this paper, we describe a reinforcement learning method based on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Nan Ding , Radu Soricut

The Maximum Entropy Reinforcement Learning (MaxEnt RL) framework is a leading approach for achieving efficient learning and robust performance across many RL tasks. However, MaxEnt methods have also been shown to struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Ruipeng Zhang , Ya-Chien Chang , Sicun Gao

Reinforcement learning (RL) often exhibits high variance across training runs, leading to unreliable performance and posing a major challenge to deployment in real-world domains. In this work, we address the challenge of cross-run policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Marcel Hussing , Liv G. d'Aliberti , Claas Voelcker , Benjamin Eysenbach , Eric Eaton

Reinforcement learning (RL) is still rarely applied in industrial control, partly due to the difficulty of training reliable agents for real-world conditions. This work investigates how evolution strategies can support RL in such settings…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Tom Maus , Stephan Frank , Tobias Glasmachers

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) algorithms have been demonstrated to perform well on high-dimensional decision making and robotic control tasks. However, because they solely optimize for rewards, the agent tends to search the same…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Kandai Watanabe , Mathew Strong , Omer Eldar

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a powerful framework to address the discrepancy between loss functions used during training and the final evaluation metrics to be used at test time. When applied to neural Machine Translation (MT), it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Julia Ive , Zixu Wang , Marina Fomicheva , Lucia Specia

In reinforcement learning (RL), we always expect the agent to explore as many states as possible in the initial stage of training and exploit the explored information in the subsequent stage to discover the most returnable trajectory. Based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Yubo Huang , Xuechun Wang , Luobao Zou , Zhiwei Zhuang , Weidong Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful machine learning technique that enables an intelligent agent to learn an optimal policy that maximizes the cumulative rewards in sequential decision making. Most of methods in the existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-06 Chengchun Shi , Zhengling Qi , Jianing Wang , Fan Zhou

The Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm with a Gaussian policy has become a mainstream implementation for realizing the Maximum Entropy Reinforcement Learning (MaxEnt RL) objective, which incorporates entropy maximization to encourage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Xiaoyi Dong , Jian Cheng , Xi Sheryl Zhang

Imitation learning methods seek to learn from an expert either through behavioral cloning (BC) of the policy or inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) of the reward. Such methods enable agents to learn complex tasks from humans that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Joe Watson , Sandy H. Huang , Nicolas Heess

A promising technique for exploration is to maximize the entropy of visited state distribution, i.e., state entropy, by encouraging uniform coverage of visited state space. While it has been effective for an unsupervised setup, it tends to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Dongyoung Kim , Jinwoo Shin , Pieter Abbeel , Younggyo Seo

In this paper, we propose a max-min entropy framework for reinforcement learning (RL) to overcome the limitation of the soft actor-critic (SAC) algorithm implementing the maximum entropy RL in model-free sample-based learning. Whereas the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Seungyul Han , Youngchul Sung

Deep reinforcement learning was instigated with the presence of trust region methods, being scalable and efficient. However, the pessimism of such algorithms, among which it forces to constrain in a trust region by all means, has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Jianfei Ma

Deep networks have enabled reinforcement learning to scale to more complex and challenging domains, but these methods typically require large quantities of training data. An alternative is to use sample-efficient episodic control methods:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Marta Sarrico , Kai Arulkumaran , Andrea Agostinelli , Pierre Richemond , Anil Anthony Bharath

Reasoning large language models (LLMs) excel in complex tasks, which has drawn significant attention to reinforcement learning (RL) for LLMs. However, existing approaches allocate an equal number of rollouts to all questions during the RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Mengqi Liao , Xiangyu Xi , Ruinian Chen , Jia Leng , Yangen Hu , Ke Zeng , Shuai Liu , Huaiyu Wan

In this paper, we propose \textit{ReLeTA}: Reinforcement Learning based Task Allocation for temperature minimization. We design a new reward function and use a new state model to facilitate optimization of reinforcement learning algorithm.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-03 Shi-Gui Yang , Yuan-Yuan Wang , Di Liu , Xu Jiang , Hui Fang , Yu Yang , Mingxiong Zhao