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Humans excel at remembering concrete experiences along spatiotemporal contexts and performing reasoning across those events, i.e., the capacity for episodic memory. In contrast, memory in language agents remains mainly semantic, and current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yiheng Shu , Saisri Padmaja Jonnalagedda , Xiang Gao , Bernal Jiménez Gutiérrez , Weijian Qi , Kamalika Das , Huan Sun , Yu Su

Understanding the intricate operations of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) mechanistically is pivotal for advancing their capabilities and applications. In this pursuit, we propose the Episodic Memory Theory (EMT), illustrating that RNNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Arjun Karuvally , Peter Delmastro , Hava T. Siegelmann

We present a computational model based on the CRISP theory (Content Representation, Intrinsic Sequences, and Pattern completion) of the hippocampus that allows to continuously store pattern sequences online in a one-shot fashion. Rather…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Jan Melchior , Mehdi Bayati , Amir Azizi , Sen Cheng , Laurenz Wiskott

In humans, intrinsic motivation is an important mechanism for open-ended cognitive development; in robots, it has been shown to be valuable for exploration. An important aspect of human cognitive development is $\textit{episodic memory}$…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Jack Vice , Natalie Ruiz-Sanchez , Pamela K. Douglas , Gita Sukthankar

In the mammalian brain, newly acquired memories depend on the hippocampus for maintenance and recall, but over time the neocortex takes over these functions, rendering memories hippocampus-independent. The process responsible for this…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-07-02 Peter Helfer , Thomas R. Shultz

Deploying Multimodal Large Language Models as the brain of embodied agents remains challenging, particularly under long-horizon observations and limited context budgets. Existing memory assisted methods often rely on textual summaries,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ji Li , Bo Wang , Jing Xia , Mingyi Li , Shiyan Hu

In this study, we attempt to model intuition and incorporate this formalism to improve the performance of the Convolutional Neural Networks. Despite decades of research, ambiguities persist on principles of intuition. Experimental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Robin Koç , Fatoş T. Yarman Vural

Interpreting computations in the visual cortex as learning and inference in a generative model of the environment has received wide support both in neuroscience and cognitive science. However, hierarchical computations, a hallmark of visual…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-06-02 Ferenc Csikor , Balázs Meszéna , Bence Szabó , Gergő Orbán

This study presents data format of episodic memory for artificial intelligence and cognitive science. The data format, named cognitive-logs, enables rigour and flexible logical reasoning. Cognitive-logs consist of a set of relational and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yoshiki Fukada

The entropic associative memory (EAM) is a computational model of natural memory incorporating some of its putative properties of being associative, distributed, declarative, abstractive and constructive. Previous experiments satisfactorily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Noé Hernández , Rafael Morales , Luis A. Pineda

Current approaches to memory in Large Language Models (LLMs) predominantly rely on static Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which often results in scattered retrieval and fails to capture the structural dependencies required for complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Zhengxuan Lu , Dongfang Li , Yukun Shi , Beilun Wang , Longyue Wang , Baotian Hu

The phenomenal advances in large language models (LLMs) and other foundation models over the past few years have been based on optimizing large-scale transformer models on the surprisingly simple objective of minimizing next-token…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Rajesh P. N. Rao , Vishwas Sathish , Linxing Preston Jiang , Matthew Bryan , Prashant Rangarajan

We address the key question of how object part representations can be found from the internal states of CNNs that are trained for high-level tasks, such as object classification. This work provides a new unsupervised method to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Jianyu Wang , Zhishuai Zhang , Cihang Xie , Vittal Premachandran , Alan Yuille

We are enveloped by stories of visual interpretations in our everyday lives. The way we narrate a story often comprises of two stages, which are, forming a central mind map of entities and then weaving a story around them. A contributing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Ruo-Ping Dong , Khyathi Raghavi Chandu , Alan W Black

Concept learning is a form of supervised machine learning that operates on knowledge bases in description logics. State-of-the-art concept learners often rely on an iterative search through a countably infinite concept space. In each…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-13 Louis Mozart Kamdem Teyou , Caglar Demir , Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo

Robotic manipulation often requires memory: occlusion and state changes can make decision-time observations perceptually aliased, making action selection non-Markovian at the observation level because the same observation may arise from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xinying Guo , Chenxi Jiang , Hyun Bin Kim , Ying Sun , Yang Xiao , Yuhang Han , Jianfei Yang

We introduce a lifelong language learning setup where a model needs to learn from a stream of text examples without any dataset identifier. We propose an episodic memory model that performs sparse experience replay and local adaptation to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Cyprien de Masson d'Autume , Sebastian Ruder , Lingpeng Kong , Dani Yogatama

Recent work in computational psycholinguistics has revealed intriguing parallels between attention mechanisms and human memory retrieval, focusing primarily on vanilla Transformers that operate on token-level representations. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Ryo Yoshida , Shinnosuke Isono , Kohei Kajikawa , Taiga Someya , Yushi Sugimoto , Yohei Oseki

IntroductionThe free and cued selective reminding test is used to identify memory deficits in mild cognitive impairment and demented patients. It allows assessing three processes: encoding, storage, and recollection of verbal episodic…

Human vision involves parsing and representing objects and scenes using structured representations based on part-whole hierarchies. Computer vision and machine learning researchers have recently sought to emulate this capability using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Ares Fisher , Rajesh P. N. Rao