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The quantum dense coding (DC) protocol, which has no security feature, deals with the transmission of classical information encoded in a quantum state by using shared entanglement between a single sender and a single receiver. Its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Ayan Patra , Rivu Gupta , Tamoghna Das , Aditi Sen De

We present an overview of quantum key distribution (QKD), a secure key exchange method based on the quantum laws of physics rather than computational complexity. We also provide an overview of the two most widely used commodity security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-07-15 Alan Mink , Sheila Frankel , Ray Perlner

For a multi-source multi-terminal noiseless network, the key-dissemination problem involves the task of multicasting a secret key K from the network sources to its terminals. As in secure multicast network-coding, in the key-dissemination…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Michael Langberg , Michelle Effros

Quantum key distribution (QKD) represents a cornerstone of secure communication in the quantum era. While discrete-variable QKD (DV-QKD) protocols were historically the first to demonstrate secure key exchange, continuous-variable QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Mobin Motaharifar , Mahmood Hasani , Hassan Kaatuzian

While QKD ensures information-theoretic security at the link level, real-world deployments depend on trusted repeaters, creating potential vulnerabilities. In this paper, we thus introduce a topology-hiding connectivity assurance protocol…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Margherita Cozzolino , Stephan Krenn , Thomas Lorünser

We show strongly secret achievable rate regions for two different wiretap multiple-access channel coding problems. In the first problem, each encoder has a private message and both together have a common message to transmit. The encoders…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-06-05 Moritz Wiese , Holger Boche

We consider a class of Gaussian layered networks where a source communicates with a destination through $L$ intermediate relay layers with $N$ nodes in each layer in the presence of a single eavesdropper which can overhear the transmissions…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-18 Tulika Agrawal , Samar Agnihotri

Many papers proved the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) system, in the asymptotic framework. The degree of the security has not been discussed in the finite coding-length framework, sufficiently. However, to guarantee any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Masahito Hayashi

Quantum key distribution (QKD) together with one time pad encoding can provide information-theoretical security for communication. Currently, though QKD has been widely deployed in many metropolitan fiber networks, its implementation in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-10 Qiang Zhang , Feihu Xu , Yu-Ao Chen , Cheng-Zhi Peng , Jian-Wei Pan

In this paper we explore how recent technologies can improve the security of optical networks. In particular, we study how to use quantum key distribution (QKD) in common optical network infrastructures and propose a method to overcome its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-16 David Elkouss , Jesus Martinez-Mateo , Alex Ciurana , Vicente Martin

While every network node only relays messages in a traditional communication system, the recent network coding (NC) paradigm proposes to implement simple in-network processing with packet combinations in the nodes. NC extends the concept of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Enrico Magli , Mea Wang , Pascal Frossard , Athina Markopoulou

The original two-way continuous-variable quantum-key-distribution (CV QKD) protocols [S. Pirandola, S. Mancini, S. Lloyd, and S. L. Braunstein, Nature Physics 4, 726 (2008)] give the security against the collective attack on the condition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-16 Maozhu Sun , Xiang Peng , Yujie Shen , Hong Guo

Quantum resistance is vital for emerging cryptographic systems as quantum technologies continue to advance towards large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers. Resistance may be offered by quantum key distribution (QKD), which provides…

Recent technological advances in wireless communications offer new opportunities and challenges for relay network.To enhance system performance, Demodulate-Network Coding (Dm-NC) scheme has been examined at relay node; it works directly to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-29 Ahmed Hassan M. Hassan , Bin Dai , Benxiong Huang

Currently most progresses on quantum secret sharing suffer from rate-distance bound, and thus the key rates are limited. In addition to the limited key rate, the technical difficulty and the corresponding cost together prevent large-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-09 Chen-Long Li , Yao Fu , Wen-Bo Liu , Yuan-Mei Xie , Bing-Hong Li , Min-Gang Zhou , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Protocols based on the sending-or-not-sending (SNS) principle have been intensively studied in recent years and have been shown to enable the longest transmission distances in quantum key distribution (QKD). In this work, we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Georgi Bebrov

We propose a method for reconfiguring a relay node for polarization encoded quantum key distribution (QKD) networks. The relay can be switched between trusted and untrusted modes to adapt to different network conditions, relay distances,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-10 Jing Wang , Bernardo A. Huberman

In this paper, the secrecy of a cooperative system consisting of a single source, relay, destination and eavesdropper is analyzed. The threshold-selection decode-and-forward relay is considered, where the relay can correctly decode and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-03-05 C. Kundu , T. M. N. Ngatched , O. A. Dobre

In recent years, quantum key distribution (QKD) has evolved from a scientific research field to a commercially available security solution, supported by mathematically formulated security proofs. However, since the knowledge required for a…

Improvement in secure transmission of information is an urgent practical need for governments, corporations and individuals. Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises security based on the laws of physics and has rapidly grown from…