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AI governance has transitioned from soft law-such as national AI strategies and voluntary guidelines-to binding regulation at an unprecedented pace. This evolution has produced a complex legislative landscape: blurred definitions of "AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sacha Alanoca , Shira Gur-Arieh , Tom Zick , Kevin Klyman

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly central to economic growth, promising new efficiencies and markets. This economic significance has sparked debate over AI regulation: do rules and oversight bolster long term growth by building…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Vikram Kulothungan , Priya Ranjani Mohan , Deepti Gupta

With the growing capabilities of intelligent systems, the integration of robots in our everyday life is increasing. However, when interacting in such complex human environments, the occasional failure of robotic systems is inevitable. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Devleena Das , Siddhartha Banerjee , Sonia Chernova

Fervent calls for more robust governance of the harms associated with artificial intelligence (AI) are leading to the adoption around the world of what regulatory scholars have called a management-based approach to regulation. Recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Cary Coglianese , Colton R. Crum

Military weapon systems and command-and-control infrastructure augmented by artificial intelligence (AI) have seen rapid development and deployment in recent years. However, the sociotechnical impacts of AI on combat systems, military…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Riley Simmons-Edler , Jean Dong , Paul Lushenko , Kanaka Rajan , Ryan P. Badman

Black box neural networks are an indispensable part of modern robots. Nevertheless, deploying such high-stakes systems in real-world scenarios poses significant challenges when the stakeholders, such as engineers and legislative bodies,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Som Sagar , Aditya Taparia , Harsh Mankodiya , Pranav Bidare , Yifan Zhou , Ransalu Senanayake

The performance of AI models on safety benchmarks does not indicate their real-world performance after deployment. This opaqueness of AI models impedes existing regulatory frameworks constituted on benchmark performance, leaving them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Gabriel Stanovsky , Renana Keydar , Gadi Perl , Eliya Habba

Understanding the decisions made and actions taken by increasingly complex AI system remains a key challenge. This has led to an expanding field of research in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), highlighting the potential of…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly central to many applications, raising concerns about bias, fairness, and regulatory compliance. This paper reviews risks of biased outputs and their societal impact, focusing on frameworks like…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Adrian Kuenzler , Stefan Schmid

Algorithms are becoming more widely used in business, and businesses are becoming increasingly concerned that their algorithms will cause significant reputational or financial damage. We should emphasize that any of these damages stem from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Ramya Akula , Ivan Garibay

Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly shows its potential to outperform predicate logic algorithms and human control alike. In automatically deriving a system model, AI algorithms learn relations in data that are not detectable for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Simon Daniel Duque Anton , Daniel Schneider , Hans Dieter Schotten

A robot's ability to provide descriptions of its decisions and beliefs promotes effective collaboration with humans. Providing such transparency is particularly challenging in integrated robot systems that include knowledge-based reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Tiago Mota , Mohan Sridharan

As AI is increasingly being adopted into application solutions, the challenge of supporting interaction with humans is becoming more apparent. Partly this is to support integrated working styles, in which humans and intelligent systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Maria Fox , Derek Long , Daniele Magazzeni

The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is going through a period of great expectations, introducing a certain level of anxiety in research, business and also policy. This anxiety is further energised by an AI race narrative that makes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-09 The Anh Han , Luis Moniz Pereira , Tom Lenaerts , Francisco C. Santos

There has recently been a surge of work in explanatory artificial intelligence (XAI). This research area tackles the important problem that complex machines and algorithms often cannot provide insights into their behavior and thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Leilani H. Gilpin , David Bau , Ben Z. Yuan , Ayesha Bajwa , Michael Specter , Lalana Kagal

The increasing incorporation of Artificial Intelligence in the form of automated systems into decision-making procedures highlights not only the importance of decision theory for automated systems but also the need for these decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Tarek R. Besold , Sara L. Uckelman

Because of the speed of its development, broad scope of application, and its ability to augment human performance, generative AI challenges the very notions of governance, trust, and human agency. The technology's capacity to mimic human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Anka Reuel , Trond Arne Undheim

Artificial Intelligence (AI), is once again in the phase of drastic advancements. Unarguably, the technology itself can revolutionize the way we live our everyday life. But the exponential growth of technology poses a daunting task for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Rajesh Chidambaram

The opaqueness of many complex machine learning algorithms is often mentioned as one of the main obstacles to the ethical development of artificial intelligence (AI). But what does it mean for an algorithm to be opaque? Highly complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Andrés Páez

Decision-making algorithms are being used in important decisions, such as who should be enrolled in health care programs and be hired. Even though these systems are currently deployed in high-stakes scenarios, many of them cannot explain…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Gabriel Lima , Nina Grgić-Hlača , Jin Keun Jeong , Meeyoung Cha
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