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Vision-based reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach to solve control tasks involving images as the main observation. State-of-the-art RL algorithms still struggle in terms of sample efficiency, especially when using image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Elie Aljalbout , Maximilian Ulmer , Rudolph Triebel

Deploying learned control policies in real-world environments poses a fundamental challenge. When system dynamics change unexpectedly, performance degrades until models are retrained on new data. We introduce Reflexive World Models (RWM), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Carlos Stein Brito , Daniel McNamee

Inspired by the recent success of sequence modeling in RL and the use of masked language model for pre-training, we propose a masked model for pre-training in RL, RePreM (Representation Pre-training with Masked Model), which trains the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Yuanying Cai , Chuheng Zhang , Wei Shen , Xuyun Zhang , Wenjie Ruan , Longbo Huang

Standard regression techniques, while powerful, are often constrained by predefined, differentiable loss functions such as mean squared error. These functions may not fully capture the desired behavior of a system, especially when dealing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Yongchao Huang

We present Cycle-Contrastive Learning (CCL), a novel self-supervised method for learning video representation. Following a nature that there is a belong and inclusion relation of video and its frames, CCL is designed to find correspondences…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Quan Kong , Wenpeng Wei , Ziwei Deng , Tomoaki Yoshinaga , Tomokazu Murakami

Learning representations for reinforcement learning (RL) has shown much promise for continuous control. We propose an efficient representation learning method using only a self-supervised latent-state consistency loss. Our approach employs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Aidan Scannell , Kalle Kujanpää , Yi Zhao , Mohammadreza Nakhaei , Arno Solin , Joni Pajarinen

Learning good feature representations is important for deep reinforcement learning (RL). However, with limited experience, RL often suffers from data inefficiency for training. For un-experienced or less-experienced trajectories (i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Tao Yu , Cuiling Lan , Wenjun Zeng , Mingxiao Feng , Zhizheng Zhang , Zhibo Chen

Current reinforcement learning algorithms train an agent using forward-generated trajectories, which provide little guidance so that the agent can explore as much as possible. While realizing the value of reinforcement learning results from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 KyungMin Ko

Traditional model-based reinforcement learning (RL) methods generate forward rollout traces using the learnt dynamics model to reduce interactions with the real environment. The recent model-based RL method considers the way to learn a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Yuxin Pan , Fangzhen Lin

A prominent approach to visual Reinforcement Learning (RL) is to learn an internal state representation using self-supervised methods, which has the potential benefit of improved sample-efficiency and generalization through additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Yanjie Ze , Nicklas Hansen , Yinbo Chen , Mohit Jain , Xiaolong Wang

Scaling end-to-end reinforcement learning to control real robots from vision presents a series of challenges, in particular in terms of sample efficiency. Against end-to-end learning, state representation learning can help learn a compact,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Antonin Raffin , Ashley Hill , René Traoré , Timothée Lesort , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez , David Filliat

Learned representations of dynamical systems reduce dimensionality, potentially supporting downstream reinforcement learning (RL). However, no established methods predict a representation's suitability for control and evaluation is largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Kevin Haninger , Raul Vicente Garcia , Joerg Krueger

While reinforcement learning has achieved considerable successes in recent years, state-of-the-art models are often still limited by the size of state and action spaces. Model-free reinforcement learning approaches use some form of state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Paul J. Pritz , Liang Ma , Kin K. Leung

Simulation-to-reality reinforcement learning (RL) faces the critical challenge of reconciling discrepancies between simulated and real-world dynamics, which can severely degrade agent performance. A promising approach involves learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 JB Lanier , Kyungmin Kim , Armin Karamzade , Yifei Liu , Ankita Sinha , Kat He , Davide Corsi , Roy Fox

Most model-free reinforcement learning methods leverage state representations (embeddings) for generalization, but either ignore structure in the space of actions or assume the structure is provided a priori. We show how a policy can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Yash Chandak , Georgios Theocharous , James Kostas , Scott Jordan , Philip S. Thomas

A key question in Reinforcement Learning is which representation an agent can learn to efficiently reuse knowledge between different tasks. Recently the Successor Representation was shown to have empirical benefits for transferring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Lucas Lehnert , Michael L. Littman

Model-based Reinforcement Learning approaches have the promise of being sample efficient. Much of the progress in learning dynamics models in RL has been made by learning models via supervised learning. But traditional model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Shagun Sodhani , Anirudh Goyal , Tristan Deleu , Yoshua Bengio , Sergey Levine , Jian Tang

Reinforcement learning (RL) excels in various applications but struggles in dynamic environments where the underlying Markov decision process evolves. Continual reinforcement learning (CRL) enables RL agents to continually learn and adapt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xue Yang , Michael Schukat , Junlin Lu , Patrick Mannion , Karl Mason , Enda Howley

Augmenting reinforcement learning with imitation learning is often hailed as a method by which to improve upon learning from scratch. However, most existing methods for integrating these two techniques are subject to several strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Brahma S. Pavse , Faraz Torabi , Josiah P. Hanna , Garrett Warnell , Peter Stone

In this paper, we leverage ideas from model-based control to address the sample efficiency problem of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. Accelerating learning is an active field of RL highly relevant in the context of time-varying…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-23 Ibrahim Ahmed , Marcos Quinones-Grueiro , Gautam Biswas