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The main objective of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is to provide effective explanations for black-box classifiers. The existing literature lists many desirable properties for explanations to be useful, but there is no consensus…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Elvio G. Amparore , Alan Perotti , Paolo Bajardi

Accurate skin disease classification is a critical yet challenging task due to high inter-class similarity, intra-class variability, and complex lesion textures. While deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Enam Ahmed Taufik , Abdullah Khondoker , Antara Firoz Parsa , Seraj Al Mahmud Mostafa

A lot of deep learning (DL) research these days is mainly focused on improving quantitative metrics regardless of other factors. In human-centered applications, like skin lesion classification in dermatology, DL-driven clinical decision…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-01 Theodor Cheslerean-Boghiu , Melia-Evelina Fleischmann , Theresa Willem , Tobias Lasser

The semantic segmentation of skin lesions is an important and common initial task in the computer aided diagnosis of dermoscopic images. Although deep learning-based approaches have considerably improved the segmentation accuracy, there is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Kumar Abhishek , Ghassan Hamarneh , Mark S. Drew

eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a rapidly progressing field of machine learning, aiming to unravel the predictions of complex models. XAI is especially required in sensitive applications, e.g. in health care, when diagnosis,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Alena Kalyakulina , Igor Yusipov , Alexey Moskalev , Claudio Franceschi , Mikhail Ivanchenko

While deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis for skin lesion image analysis is approaching dermatologists' performance levels, there are several works showing that incorporating additional features such as shape priors, texture, color…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Kumar Abhishek , Ghassan Hamarneh

Both humans and machine learning models learn from experience, particularly in safety- and reliability-critical domains. While psychology seeks to understand human cognition, the field of Explainable AI (XAI) develops methods to interpret…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Roussel Rahman , Aashwin Ananda Mishra , Wan-Lin Hu

We propose a new way to explain and to visualize neural network classification through a decomposition-based explainable AI (DXAI). Instead of providing an explanation heatmap, our method yields a decomposition of the image into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Elnatan Kadar , Guy Gilboa

In mission-critical domains such as law enforcement and medical diagnosis, the ability to explain and interpret the outputs of deep learning models is crucial for ensuring user trust and supporting informed decision-making. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Bharat Chandra Yalavarthi , Nalini Ratha

Melanoma, one of the deadliest types of skin cancer, accounts for thousands of fatalities globally. The bluish, blue-whitish, or blue-white veil (BWV) is a critical feature for diagnosing melanoma, yet research into detecting BWV in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 M. A. Rasel , Sameem Abdul Kareem , Zhenli Kwan , Shin Shen Yong , Unaizah Obaidellah

Skin cancer, a major form of cancer, is a critical public health problem with 123,000 newly diagnosed melanoma cases and between 2 and 3 million non-melanoma cases worldwide each year. The leading cause of skin cancer is high exposure of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-28 Saket S. Chaturvedi , Kajol Gupta , Prakash. S. Prasad

Effectively explaining decisions of black-box machine learning models is critical to responsible deployment of AI systems that rely on them. Recognizing their importance, the field of explainable AI (XAI) provides several techniques to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yao Rong , Peizhu Qian , Vaibhav Unhelkar , Enkelejda Kasneci

The imperative to comprehend the behaviors of deep learning models is of utmost importance. In this realm, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a promising avenue, garnering increasing interest in recent years. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Bowen Wang , Liangzhi Li , Jiahao Zhang , Yuta Nakashima , Hajime Nagahara

kin cancer is considered one of the most common type of cancer in several countries. Due to the difficulty and subjectivity in the clinical diagnosis of skin lesions, Computer-Aided Diagnosis systems are being developed for assist experts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-27 José G. M. Esgario , Renato A. Krohling

Existing artificial intelligence (AI) models for diagnosing knee osteoarthritis (OA) have faced criticism for their lack of transparency and interpretability, despite achieving medical-expert-like performance. This opacity makes them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Yun Xin Teoh , Alice Othmani , Siew Li Goh , Juliana Usman , Khin Wee Lai

Current AI-assisted skin image diagnosis has achieved dermatologist-level performance in classifying skin cancer, driven by rapid advancements in deep learning architectures. However, unlike traditional vision tasks, skin images in general…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Xin Hu , Janet Wang , Jihun Hamm , Rie R Yotsu , Zhengming Ding

In this study, a multi-task deep neural network is proposed for skin lesion analysis. The proposed multi-task learning model solves different tasks (e.g., lesion segmentation and two independent binary lesion classifications) at the same…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-06 Xulei Yang , Zeng Zeng , Si Yong Yeo , Colin Tan , Hong Liang Tey , Yi Su

We present a deep learning approach to the ISIC 2017 Skin Lesion Classification Challenge using a multi-scale convolutional neural network. Our approach utilizes an Inception-v3 network pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset, which is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Terrance DeVries , Dhanesh Ramachandram

Trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) is essential in healthcare, particularly for high-stakes tasks like medical image segmentation. Explainable AI and uncertainty quantification significantly enhance AI reliability by addressing key…

Deep learning models show significant potential for advancing AI-assisted medical diagnostics, particularly in detecting lung cancer through medical image modalities such as chest X-rays. However, the black-box nature of these models poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Amy Rafferty , Rishi Ramaesh , Ajitha Rajan