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Detecting anomalies in images and video is an essential task for multiple real-world problems, including industrial inspection, computer-assisted diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. Anomaly detection is typically formulated as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Declan McIntosh , Alexandra Branzan Albu

Agent-Based Models (ABMs) are gaining great popularity in economics and social science because of their strong flexibility to describe the realistic and heterogeneous decisions and interaction rules between individual agents. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Junyao Zhang , Jinglai Li , Junqi Tang

The normalizing constant plays an important role in Bayesian computation, and there is a large literature on methods for computing or approximating normalizing constants that cannot be evaluated in closed form. When the normalizing constant…

Computation · Statistics 2020-09-02 Yuling Yao , Collin Cademartori , Aki Vehtari , Andrew Gelman

We present a novel technique for amortized posterior estimation using Normalizing Flows trained with likelihood-weighted importance sampling. This approach allows for the efficient inference of theoretical parameters in high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Rajneil Baruah

The sampling of probability distributions specified up to a normalization constant is an important problem in both machine learning and statistical mechanics. While classical stochastic sampling methods such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-27 Hao Wu , Jonas Köhler , Frank Noé

Modeling transformations between arbitrary data distributions is a fundamental scientific challenge, arising in applications like drug discovery and evolutionary simulation. While flow matching offers a natural framework for this task, its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Shiye Su , Yuhui Zhang , Linqi Zhou , Rajesh Ranganath , Serena Yeung-Levy

Normalizing flows model a complex target distribution in terms of a bijective transform operating on a simple base distribution. As such, they enable tractable computation of a number of important statistical quantities, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Chandramouli Shama Sastry , Andreas Lehrmann , Marcus Brubaker , Alexander Radovic

Iterative Gaussianization is a fixed-point iteration procedure that can transform any continuous random vector into a Gaussian one. Based on iterative Gaussianization, we propose a new type of normalizing flow model that enables both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Chenlin Meng , Yang Song , Jiaming Song , Stefano Ermon

Normalizing flows are powerful non-parametric statistical models that function as a hybrid between density estimators and generative models. Current learning algorithms for normalizing flows assume that data points are sampled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Matthias Kirchler , Christoph Lippert , Marius Kloft

Normalizing flows and autoregressive models have been successfully combined to produce state-of-the-art results in density estimation, via Masked Autoregressive Flows (MAF), and to accelerate state-of-the-art WaveNet-based speech synthesis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Chin-Wei Huang , David Krueger , Alexandre Lacoste , Aaron Courville

Active Learning (AL) for regression has been systematically under-researched due to the increased difficulty of measuring uncertainty in regression models. Since normalizing flows offer a full predictive distribution instead of a point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Thorben Werner , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

This notebook tutorial demonstrates a method for sampling Boltzmann distributions of lattice field theories using a class of machine learning models known as normalizing flows. The ideas and approaches proposed in arXiv:1904.12072,…

Many applications in computational sciences and statistical inference require the computation of expectations with respect to complex high-dimensional distributions with unknown normalization constants, as well as the estimation of these…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-26 Yu Cao , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

Efficient sampling of complex data distributions can be achieved using trained invertible flows (IF), where the model distribution is generated by pushing a simple base distribution through multiple non-linear bijective transformations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Daniel O'Connor , Walter Vinci

Sampling-based motion planning is the predominant paradigm in many real-world robotic applications, but its performance is immensely dependent on the quality of the samples. The majority of traditional planners are inefficient as they use…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Tin Lai , Fabio Ramos

This paper presents a novel non-Gaussian inference algorithm, Normalizing Flow iSAM (NF-iSAM), for solving SLAM problems with non-Gaussian factors and/or non-linear measurement models. NF-iSAM exploits the expressive power of neural…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Qiangqiang Huang , Can Pu , Dehann Fourie , Kasra Khosoussi , Jonathan P. How , John J. Leonard

The choice of approximate posterior distribution is one of the core problems in variational inference. Most applications of variational inference employ simple families of posterior approximations in order to allow for efficient inference,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-15 Danilo Jimenez Rezende , Shakir Mohamed

The parametric bootstrap can be used for the efficient computation of Bayes posterior distributions. Importance sampling formulas take on an easy form relating to the deviance in exponential families and are particularly simple starting…

Applications · Statistics 2013-01-15 Bradley Efron

Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) training process, in most cases, apply Uniform or Gaussian sampling methods in the latent space, which probably spends most of the computation on examples that can be properly handled and easy to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Shiyu Yi , Donglin Zhan , Wenqing Zhang , Denglin Jiang , Kang An , Hao Wang

Estimating the parameters of mathematical models is a common problem in almost all branches of science. However, this problem can prove notably difficult when processes and model descriptions become increasingly complex and an explicit…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-09 Stefan T. Radev , Ulf K. Mertens , Andreas Voss , Lynton Ardizzone , Ullrich Köthe