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Ensuring a car's internal systems are free from security vulnerabilities is of utmost importance, especially due to the relationship between security and other properties, such as safety and reliability. We provide the starting point for a…
Generalised Symbolic Trajectory Evaluation (GSTE) is a high-capacity formal verification technique for hardware. GSTE uses abstraction, meaning that details of the circuit behaviour are removed from the circuit model. A semantics for GSTE…
Black-box checking (BBC)} is a testing method for cyber-physical systems (CPSs) as well as software systems. BBC consists of active automata learning and model checking; a Mealy machine is learned from the system under test (SUT), and the…
Modelling MEMS involves a variety of software tools that deal with the analysis of complex geometrical structures and the assessment of various interactions among different energy domains and components. Moreover, the MEMS market is growing…
With the ever increasing complexity of Industry 4.0 systems, plant energy management systems developed to improve energy sustainability become equally complex. Based on a Model-Based Systems Engineering analysis, this paper aims to provide…
Trust is a crucial component in collaborative multiagent systems (MAS) involving humans and autonomous AI agents. Rather than assuming trust based on past system behaviours, it is important to formally verify trust by modelling the current…
The European Space Agency (ESA) uses an engine to perform tests in the Ground Segment infrastructure, specially the Operational Simulator. This engine uses many different tools to ensure the development of regression testing infrastructure…
Verification of model outputs is rapidly emerging as a key primitive for both training and real-world deployment of large language models (LLMs). In practice, this often involves using imperfect LLM judges and reward models since ground…
Microservices are quite widely impacting on the software industry in recent years. Rapid evolution and continuous deployment represent specific benefits of microservice-based systems, but they may have a significant impact on non-functional…
We propose a tool-supported methodology for design-space exploration for embedded systems. It provides means to define high-level models of applications and multi-processor architectures and evaluate the performance of different deployment…
With software systems becoming increasingly pervasive and autonomous, our ability to test for their quality is severely challenged. Many systems are called to operate in uncertain and highly-changing environment, not rarely required to make…
Search-based software testing (SBST) is now a mature area, with numerous techniques developed to tackle the challenging task of software testing. SBST techniques have shown promising results and have been successfully applied in the…
Successful engineering requires environmentally adapted procedural and architectural approaches. While dealing with complicated issues has become an engineering standard mastering uncertainties in complex environment is still a major issue.…
Large language models (LLMs) embed extensive knowledge and utilize it to perform exceptionally well across various tasks. Nevertheless, outdated knowledge or factual errors within LLMs can lead to misleading or incorrect responses, causing…
Increasing complexity of modern enterprise systems and the demand for automation and interoperability require consistent and semantically validated models in Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). The Object Constraint Language (OCL)…
With the current trend in Model-Based Systems Engineering towards Digital Engineering and early Validation & Verification, experiments are increasingly used to estimate system parameters and explore design decisions. Managing such…
Behavior Engineering (BE) provides a rigorous way to derive a formal specification of a software system from the requirements written in natural language. Its graphical specification language, Behavior Tree (BT), has been used with success…
In industrial model-based development (MBD) frameworks, requirements are typically specified informally using textual descriptions. To enable the application of formal methods, these specifications need to be formalized in the input…
The emergence of new technologies in software testing has increased the automation and flexibility of the testing process. In this context, the adoption of agents in software testing remains an active research area in which various agent…
This paper presents CREST, a prototype front-end tool intended as an add-on to commercial EDA formal verifcation environments. CREST is an adaptation of the CBMC bounded model checker for C, an academic tool widely used in industry for…