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While people generally trust AI to make decisions in various aspects of their lives, concerns arise when AI is involved in decisions with significant moral implications. The absence of a precise mathematical framework for moral reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Vincent Conitzer

Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents transformative opportunities for industries and society, but its responsible development is essential to prevent unintended consequences. Ethically sound AI systems demand strategic planning, strong…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Muhammad Azeem Akbar , Arif Ali Khan , Saima Rafi , Damian Kedziora , Sami Hyrynsalmi

We present Ethics Readiness Levels (ERLs), a four-level, iterative method to track how ethical reflection is implemented in the design of AI systems. ERLs bridge high-level ethical principles and everyday engineering by turning ethical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Laurynas Adomaitis , Vincent Israel-Jost , Alexei Grinbaum

As artificial intelligence continues its unprecedented global expansion, accompanied by a proliferation of benefits, an increasing apprehension about the privacy and security implications of AI-enabled systems emerges. The pivotal question…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Daria Korobenko , Anastasija Nikiforova , Rajesh Sharma

Benchmarks are seen as the cornerstone for measuring technical progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI) research and have been developed for a variety of tasks ranging from question answering to facial recognition. An increasingly prominent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Travis LaCroix , Alexandra Sasha Luccioni

In order to construct an ethical artificial intelligence (AI) two complex problems must be overcome. Firstly, humans do not consistently agree on what is or is not ethical. Second, contemporary AI and machine learning methods tend to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Michael Timothy Bennett , Yoshihiro Maruyama

As AI systems increasingly operate with autonomy and adaptability, the traditional boundaries of moral responsibility in techno-social systems are being challenged. This paper explores the evolving discourse on the delegation of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic , Gianfranco Basti , Tobias Holstein

Given the growing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods across all aspects of environmental sciences, it is imperative that we initiate a discussion about the ethical and responsible use of AI. In fact, much…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Amy McGovern , Imme Ebert-Uphoff , David John Gagne , Ann Bostrom

In the current era, people and society have grown increasingly reliant on artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. AI has the potential to drive us towards a future in which all of humanity flourishes. It also comes with substantial risks…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Lu Cheng , Kush R. Varshney , Huan Liu

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has paved the way for revolutionary decision-making processes, which if harnessed appropriately, can contribute to advancements in various sectors, from healthcare to economics. However, its black box nature…

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including AI in Science (AIS), should be done following the principles of responsible AI. Progress in responsible AI is often quantified through evaluation metrics, yet there has been less…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Theresia Veronika Rampisela , Maria Maistro , Tuukka Ruotsalo , Christina Lioma

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes integral to business operations, integrating Responsible AI (RAI) within Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks is essential for ethical and sustainable AI deployment. This study…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Harsha Perera , Sung Une Lee , Yue Liu , Boming Xia , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Jessica Cairns , Moana Nottage

Validity, reliability, and fairness are core ethical principles embedded in classical argument-based assessment validation theory. These principles are also central to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (2014) which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jill Burstein , Geoffrey T. LaFlair

In recent years, there has been an increased emphasis on understanding and mitigating adverse impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on society. Across academia, industry, and government bodies, a variety of endeavours are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Ramya Srinivasan , Devi Parikh

Concerns over the risks associated with advances in Artificial Intelligence have prompted calls for greater efforts toward robust and beneficial AI, including machine ethics. Recently, roboticists have responded by initiating the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Dieter Vanderelst , Alan Winfield

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes pervasive in most fields, from healthcare to autonomous driving, it is essential that we find successful ways of building morality into our machines, especially for decision-making. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Reneira Seeamber , Cosmin Badea

As AI systems become increasingly sophisticated, questions about machine consciousness and its ethical implications have moved from fringe speculation to mainstream academic debate. Current ethical frameworks in this domain often implicitly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Zhou Ziheng , Haiqiang Dai , Bin Ling , Ying Nian Wu , Demetri Terzopoulos

All types of research, development, and policy work can have unintended, adverse consequences - work in responsible artificial intelligence (RAI), ethical AI, or ethics in AI is no exception.

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Alexandra Olteanu , Michael Ekstrand , Carlos Castillo , Jina Suh

Ethics is sometimes considered to be too abstract to be meaningfully implemented in artificial intelligence (AI). In this paper, we reflect on other aspects of computing that were previously considered to be very abstract. Yet, these are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Vivek Nallur , Martin Lloyd , Siani Pearson

This article reviews the landscape of ethical challenges of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into smart healthcare products, including medical electronic devices. Differences between traditional ethics in the medical domain and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Sudeep Pasricha