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The development of a universal fault-tolerant quantum computer that can solve efficiently various difficult computational problems is an outstanding challenge for science and technology. In this work, we propose a technique for an efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-02 Anastasiia S. Nikolaeva , Evgeniy O. Kiktenko , Aleksey K. Fedorov

The efficient decomposition of multi-controlled gates is a significant factor in quantum compiling, both in circuit depth and T-gate count. Recent work has demonstrated that qudits have the potential to reduce resource requirements from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-09 Michael Hanks , M. S. Kim

Near-term quantum computers have been built as intermediate-scale quantum devices and are fragile against quantum noise effects, namely, NISQ devices. Traditional quantum-error-correcting codes are not implemented on such devices and to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 Yusuke Hama , Hirofumi Nishi

Quantum computers leverage the principles of quantum mechanics to execute operations. They require quantum programs that define operations on quantum bits (qubits), the fundamental units of computation. Unlike traditional software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Yuta Ishimoto , Masanari Kondo , Naoyasu Ubayashi , Yasutaka Kamei , Ryota Katsube , Naoto Sato , Hideto Ogawa

Simulating the dynamics of electrons and other fermionic particles in quantum chemistry, materials science, and high-energy physics is one of the most promising applications of fault-tolerant quantum computers. However, the overhead in…

Current approaches to fault-tolerant quantum computation will not enable useful quantum computation on near-term devices of 50 to 100 qubits. Leading proposals, such as the color code and surface code schemes, must devote a large fraction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 Peter D. Johnson , Jonathan Romero , Jonathan Olson , Yudong Cao , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Quantum computers have advanced rapidly in qubit count and gate fidelity. However, large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing still relies on quantum error correction code (QECC) to suppress noise. Manually or experimentally verifying the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Kean Chen , Yuhao Liu , Wang Fang , Jennifer Paykin , Xin-Chuan Wu , Albert Schmitz , Steve Zdancewic , Gushu Li

One of the largest obstacles to building a quantum computer is gate error, where the physical evolution of the state of a qubit or group of qubits during a gate operation does not match the intended unitary transformation. Gate error stems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Eliot Kapit

Quantum simulators are a foundational component of the quantum software ecosystem. They are widely used to develop and debug quantum programs, validate compiler transformations, and support empirical claims about correctness and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Krishna Upadhyay , Moshood Fakorede , Umar Farooq

Gate quantum computers generate significant interest due to their potential to solve certain difficult problems such as prime factorization in polynomial time. Computer vision researchers have long been attracted to the power of quantum…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Frances Fengyi Yang , Michele Sasdelli , Tat-Jun Chin

Quantum computing holds the promise of solving classically intractable problems. Enabling this requires scalable and hardware-efficient quantum processors with vanishing error rates. This perspective manuscript describes how bosonic codes,…

We investigate how hardware specifications can impact the final run time and the required number of physical qubits to achieve a quantum advantage in the fault tolerant regime. Within a particular time frame, both the code cycle time and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Mark Webber , Vincent Elfving , Sebastian Weidt , Winfried K. Hensinger

Quantum computing is an emerging computing paradigm that can potentially transform several application areas by solving some of the intractable problems from classical domain. Similar to classical computing systems, quantum computing stack…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Swaroop Ghosh , Suryansh Upadhyay , Abdullah Ash Saki

Practical quantum computing will require error rates that are well below what is achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction offers a path to algorithmically-relevant error rates by encoding logical qubits within many physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Rajeev Acharya , Igor Aleiner , Richard Allen , Trond I. Andersen , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Dave Bacon , Joseph C. Bardin , Joao Basso , Andreas Bengtsson , Sergio Boixo , Gina Bortoli , Alexandre Bourassa , Jenna Bovaird , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Yu Chen , Zijun Chen , Ben Chiaro , Josh Cogan , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , William Courtney , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Dripto M. Debroy , Alexander Del Toro Barba , Sean Demura , Andrew Dunsworth , Daniel Eppens , Catherine Erickson , Lara Faoro , Edward Farhi , Reza Fatemi , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , William Giang , Craig Gidney , Dar Gilboa , Marissa Giustina , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Jonathan A. Gross , Steve Habegger , Michael C. Hamilton , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Oscar Higgott , Jeremy Hilton , Markus Hoffmann , Sabrina Hong , Trent Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , Lev B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Pavol Juhas , Dvir Kafri , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Julian Kelly , Tanuj Khattar , Mostafa Khezri , Mária Kieferová , Seon Kim , Alexei Kitaev , Paul V. Klimov , Andrey R. Klots , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , John Mark Kreikebaum , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Kim-Ming Lau , Lily Laws , Joonho Lee , Kenny Lee , Brian J. Lester , Alexander Lill , Wayne Liu , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Fionn D. Malone , Jeffrey Marshall , Orion Martin , Jarrod R. McClean , Trevor Mccourt , Matt McEwen , Anthony Megrant , Bernardo Meurer Costa , Xiao Mi , Kevin C. Miao , Masoud Mohseni , Shirin Montazeri , Alexis Morvan , Emily Mount , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Ani Nersisyan , Hartmut Neven , Michael Newman , Jiun How Ng , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Thomas E. O'Brien , Alex Opremcak , John Platt , Andre Petukhov , Rebecca Potter , Leonid P. Pryadko , Chris Quintana , Pedram Roushan , Nicholas C. Rubin , Negar Saei , Daniel Sank , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Kevin J. Satzinger , Henry F. Schurkus , Christopher Schuster , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Vladimir Shvarts , Jindra Skruzny , Vadim Smelyanskiy , W. Clarke Smith , George Sterling , Doug Strain , Marco Szalay , Alfredo Torres , Guifre Vidal , Benjamin Villalonga , Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller , Theodore White , Cheng Xing , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Juhwan Yoo , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Yaxing Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu

Security and reliability are primary concerns in any computing paradigm including quantum computing. Currently users can access quantum computers through a cloud based platform where they can run their programs on a suite of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-18 Suryansh Upadhyay , Swaroop Ghosh

Classical simulation of noisy quantum circuits is essential for understanding quantum computing experiments. It enables scalable error characterization, analysis of how noise impacts quantum algorithms, and optimized implementations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Ashe Miller , Corey Ostrove , Jordan Hines , Robin Blume-Kohout , Kevin Young , Timothy Proctor

As the width and depth of quantum circuits implemented by state-of-the-art quantum processors rapidly increase, circuit analysis and assessment via classical simulation are becoming unfeasible. It is crucial, therefore, to develop new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Fernando A. Calderon-Vargas , Timothy Proctor , Kenneth Rudinger , Mohan Sarovar

In multi-qubit system, correlated errors subject to unwanted interactions with other qubits is one of the major obstacles for scaling up quantum computers to be applicable. We present two approaches to correct such noise and demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-16 Xiu-Hao Deng , Yong-Ju Hai , Jun-Ning Li , Yao Song

Optimization of quantum circuits using an efficient compiler is key to its success for NISQ computers. Several 3rd party compilers are evolving to offer improved performance for large quantum circuits. These 3rd parties, or just a certain…

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