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High-precision quasi-simultaneous collinear/anticollinear laser spectroscopy was performed to measure the $5s$ $^2S_{1/2}\rightarrow 5p$ $^2P_{1/2}$ (D1), the $5s$ $^2S_{1/2}\rightarrow 5p$ $^2P_{3/2}$ (D2), and the three $4d\rightarrow 5p$…
The accuracy of atomic theory calculations limits the extraction of nuclear charge radii from isotope shift measurements of odd-proton nuclei. For Na isotopes, though precise spectroscopic measurements have existed since more than half a…
We demonstrate that the isotope shift in isotopomers of diatomic molecules, where the nucleus of one of its constituent atoms is replaced by another isotope, can be expressed as the sum of a field shift and a mass shift, similar to the…
Background: Atomic spectral lines from different isotopes display a small shift in energy, commonly referred to as the line isotope shift. One of the components of the isotope shift is the field shift, which depends on the extent and the…
A method for calculating the field shift contribution to isotope shifts in many-electron atoms, incorporating quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects, is introduced. We also implement the model QED approach to incorporate QED contribution to…
Investigations of isotope shifts of atomic spectral lines provide insights into nuclear properties. Deviations from the linear dependence of the isotope shifts of two atomic transitions on nuclear parameters, leading to a nonlinearity of…
In this Letter, we present mass-ratio measurements on highly charged Yb$^{42+}$ ions with a precision of $4\times 10^{-12}$ and isotope-shift measurements on Yb$^{+}$ on the $^{2}$S$_{1/2}$ $\to$ $^{2}$D$_{5/2}$ and $^{2}$S$_{1/2}$ $\to$…
Isotope shifts (ISs) in atomic energy levels are sensitive probes of nuclear structure and new physics beyond the Standard Model. We present an analysis of the ISs of the cadmium atom (Cd I) and singly charged cadmium ion (Cd II). ISs of…
We perform atomic relativistic many-body calculations of the field isotope shifts and calculations of corresponding nuclear parameters for all stable even-even isotopes of Yb$^+$ ion. We demonstrate that if we take nuclear parameters of the…
Electronic factors for the field and mass isotope shifts in the $6p\ ^{2}P_{3/2} \to 7s\ ^{2}S_{1/2}$ (535 nm), $6p\ ^{2}P_{1/2} \to 6d\ ^{2}D_{3/2}$ (277 nm) and $6p\ ^{2}P_{1/2} \to 7s\ ^{2}S_{1/2}$ (378~nm) transitions in the neutral…
Many-body perturbation theory is implemented in order to calculate the isotope shifts of $4s$, $4p_{1/2}$, $4p_{3/2}$, $3d_{3/2}$, and $3d_{5/2}$ energy levels of Ca$^+$, for even isotopes $A=$40, 42, 44, 46, 48. The results are presented…
The first determination of the nuclear charge radius by laser spectroscopy for a five-electron system is reported. This is achieved by combining high-accuracy ab initio mass-shift calculations and a high-resolution measurement of the…
The development of atomic many-body methods, capable of incorporating electron correlation effects accurately, is required for isotope shift (IS) studies. In combination with precise measurements, such calculations help to extract nuclear…
Darwin-Foldy nuclear-size corrections in electronic atoms and nuclear radii are discussed from the nuclear-physics perspective. Interpretation of precise isotope-shift measurements is formalism dependent, and care must be exercised in…
Promising searches for new physics beyond the current Standard Model (SM) of particle physics are feasible through isotope-shift spectroscopy, which is sensitive to a hypothetical fifth force between the neutrons of the nucleus and the…
Measurements of atomic transitions in different isotopes offer key information on the nuclear charge radius. The anticipated high-precision experimental techniques, augmented by atomic calculations, will soon enable extraction of the…
The size is a key property of a nucleus. Accurate nuclear radii are extracted from elastic electron scattering, laser spectroscopy, and muonic atom spectroscopy. The results are not always compatible, as the proton-radius puzzle has shown…
Changes in the mean-square nuclear charge radii along the lithium isotopic chain were determined using a combination of precise isotope shift measurements and theoretical atomic structure calculations. Nuclear charge radii of light elements…
Background: Precise measurements of atomic transitions affected by electron-nucleus hyperfine interactions offer sensitivity to explore basic properties of the atomic nucleus and study fundamental symmetries, including the search for new…
We calculate field isotope shifts for nobelium atoms using nuclear charge distributions which come from different nuclear models. We demonstrate that comparing calculated isotope shifts with experiment can serve as a testing ground for…