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Linear temporal logic (LTL) is a specification language for finite sequences (called traces) widely used in program verification, motion planning in robotics, process mining, and many other areas. We consider the problem of learning LTL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Ritam Raha , Rajarshi Roy , Nathanaël Fijalkow , Daniel Neider

We present a novel formalisation of tensor semantics for linear temporal logic on finite traces (LTLf), with formal proofs of correctness carried out in the theorem prover Isabelle/HOL. We demonstrate that this formalisation can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Mark Chevallier , Filip Smola , Richard Schmoetten , Jacques D. Fleuriot

We study two fundamental questions in neuro-symbolic computing: can deep learning tackle challenging problems in logics end-to-end, and can neural networks learn the semantics of logics. In this work we focus on linear-time temporal logic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Christopher Hahn , Frederik Schmitt , Jens U. Kreber , Markus N. Rabe , Bernd Finkbeiner

This paper studies Linear Temporal Logic over Finite Traces (LTLf) where proposition letters are replaced with first-order formulas interpreted over arbitrary theories, in the spirit of Satisfiability Modulo Theories. The resulting logic,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Luca Geatti , Alessandro Gianola , Nicola Gigante

Learning formulas in Linear Temporal Logic (LTLf) from finite traces is a fundamental research problem which has found applications in artificial intelligence, software engineering, programming languages, formal methods, control of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Gabriel Bathie , Nathanaël Fijalkow , Théo Matricon , Baptiste Mouillon , Pierre Vandenhove

The heterogeneity of tools that support temporal logic formulae poses several challenges in terms of interoperability. In particular, a standard syntax for temporal logic on finite traces, despite similar to the one for infinite traces, is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Marco Favorito

Temporal logics are widely used by the Formal Methods and AI communities. Linear Temporal Logic is a popular temporal logic and is valued for its ease of use as well as its balance between expressiveness and complexity. LTL is equivalent in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Kevin W. Smith , Moshe Y. Vardi

Machine learning techniques using neural networks have achieved promising success for time-series data classification. However, the models that they produce are challenging to verify and interpret. In this paper, we propose an explainable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Danyang Li , Mingyu Cai , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Roberto Tron

Process mining extracts valuable insights from event data to help organizations improve their business processes, which is essential for their growth and success. By leveraging process mining techniques, organizations gain a comprehensive…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Nesma M. Zaki , Iman M. A. Helal , Ehab E. Hassanein , Ahmed Awad

We consider here Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formulas interpreted over \emph{finite} traces. We denote this logic by LTLf. The existing approach for LTLf satisfiability checking is based on a reduction to standard LTL satisfiability…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-03-10 Jianwen Li , Lijun Zhang , Geguang Pu , Moshe Y. Vardi , Jifeng He

Extensions of Answer Set Programming with language constructs from temporal logics, such as temporal equilibrium logic over finite traces (TELf), provide an expressive computational framework for modeling dynamic applications. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Pedro Cabalar , Martín Diéguez , François Laferrière , Torsten Schaub

We study Linear Temporal Logic Modulo Theories over Finite Traces (LTLfMT), a recently introduced extension of LTL over finite traces (LTLf) where propositions are replaced by first-order formulas and where first-order variables referring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Luca Geatti , Alessandro Gianola , Nicola Gigante , Sarah Winkler

This paper presents a novel method of synthesizing a fragment of a timed discrete event system(TDES),introducing a novel linear temporal logic(LTL), called ticked LTL$_f$. The ticked LTL$_f$ is given as an extension to LTL$_f$, where the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-06 Takuma Kinugawa , Kazumune Hashimoto , Toshimitsu Ushio

Linear Temporal Logic over finite traces ($\text{LTL}_f$) is a widely used formalism with applications in AI, process mining, model checking, and more. The primary reasoning task for $\text{LTL}_f$ is satisfiability checking; yet, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Antonio Ielo , Giuseppe Mazzotta , Rafael Peñaloza , Francesco Ricca

We study instruction following in multi-task reinforcement learning, where an agent must zero-shot execute novel tasks not seen during training. In this setting, linear temporal logic (LTL) has recently been adopted as a powerful framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Mathias Jackermeier , Mattia Giuri , Jacques Cloete , Alessandro Abate

Linear temporal logic (LTL) is a compelling framework for specifying complex, structured tasks for reinforcement learning (RL) agents. Recent work has shown that interpreting LTL instructions as finite automata, which can be seen as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Mattia Giuri , Mathias Jackermeier , Alessandro Abate

Research in robotic planning with temporal logic specifications, such as Linear Temporal Logic (LTL), has relied on single formulas. However, as task complexity increases, LTL formulas become lengthy, making them difficult to interpret and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Xusheng Luo , Changliu Liu

This paper presents a new approach to design verified compositions of Neural Network (NN) controllers for autonomous systems with tasks captured by Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formulas. Particularly, the LTL formula requires the system to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Jun Wang , Samarth Kalluraya , Yiannis Kantaros

This paper describes a method for converting formulas in finite propositional linear-time temporal logic (Finite LTL) into finite-state automata whose languages are the models of the given formula. Finite LTL differs from traditional LTL in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Samuel Huang , Rance Cleaveland

Learning linear temporal logic (LTL) formulas from examples labeled as positive or negative has found applications in inferring descriptions of system behavior. We summarize two methods to learn LTL formulas from examples in two different…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Jean-Raphaël Gaglione , Rajarshi Roy , Nasim Baharisangari , Daniel Neider , Zhe Xu , Ufuk Topcu
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