Related papers: Kanzelh\"ohe Observatory: instruments, data proces…

Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KoSO) possesses one of world's longest and homogeneous records of sunspot observations that span more than a century (1904-2017). Interestingly, these observations (originally recorded in photographic…

We study the variability of solar activity using new photospheric proxies originally developed for the analysis of stellar magnetism with the CoRoT and Kepler photometric observations. These proxies are obtained by tracking the temporal…

Kp-Index is a very important factor for determining how the Sun's magnetic field is affecting the Earth's magnetic field and help us prepare for the worst (like solar or geomagnetic storms). Currently there are around thirteen observation…

With over 100 years of solar observations, the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KoSO) is a one-of-a-kind solar data repository in the world. Among its many data catalogues, the `suncharts' at KoSO are of particular interest. These Suncharts…

Knowledge of solar irradiance variability is critical to Earth's climate models and understanding the solar influence on Earth's climate. Direct solar irradiance measurements are only available since 1978. Reconstructions of past…

Sunspot position data obtained from Kanzelh\"{o}he Observatory for Solar and Environmental Research (KSO) sunspot drawings and white light images in the period 1964 to 2016 were used to calculate the rotational and meridional velocities of…

The current fleet of space-based solar observatories offers us a wealth of opportunities to study solar flares over a range of wavelengths. Significant advances in our understanding of flare physics often come from coordinated observations…

The emergence of a new discipline called space weather, which aims at understanding and predicting the impact of solar activity on the terrestrial environment and on technological systems, has led to a growing need for analysing solar…

SDO-FM is a foundation model using data from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft; integrating three separate instruments to encapsulate the Sun's complex physical interactions into a multi-modal embedding space. This model…

Probably, the long-term monitoring of the solar atmosphere started in Italy with the first telescopic observations of the Sun made by Galileo Galilei in the early $17^{\mathrm{th}}$ century. His recorded observations and science results, as…

Measurements of the ionized Ca II K line are one of the major resources for long-term studies of solar and stellar activity. They also play a critical role in many studies related to solar irradiance variability, particularly as a…

Full disc observations of the Sun in the H$\alpha$ line provide information about the solar chromosphere and in particular about the filaments, which are dark and elongated features that lie along magnetic field polarity inversion lines.…

NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission gathers 1.4 terabytes of data each day from its geosynchronous orbit in space. SDO data includes images of the Sun captured at different wavelengths, with the primary scientific goal of…

Machine learning is starting to be used in almost every industry and academic research, and solar physics is no exception. A newly developed machine learning model named MagNet helps us to tackle some of the most serious challenges in data…

The Spectrometer and Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) on board Solar Orbiter observes solar X-ray emission in the range of 4 – 150 keV and produces spectra and images of solar flares over a wide range of flare magnitudes. During…

Since the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) began recording ~ 1 TB of data per day, there has been an increased need to automatically extract features and events for further analysis. Here we compare the overall detection performance,…

The primary task of the Debrecen Heliophysical Observatory (DHO) was to produce the detailed and reliable photographic documentation of the solar photospheric activity since 1958. This long-term effort resulted in various solar catalogues…

Tomography of the solar corona can provide cruicial constraints for models of the low corona, unique information on changes in coronal structure and rotation rates, and a valuable boundary condition for models of the heliospheric solar…

We determined the differential rotation (DR) parameters $A$ and $B$ (corresponding to the equatorial rotation velocity and the gradient of the solar DR) by tracing sunspot groups in sunspot drawings of the Kanzelh\"ohe Observatory for Solar…

In this dataset we provide a comprehensive collection of magnetograms (images quantifying the strength of the magnetic field) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The dataset…