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Advances in medical imaging and deep learning have propelled progress in whole slide image (WSI) analysis, with multiple instance learning (MIL) showing promise for efficient and accurate diagnostics. However, conventional MIL models often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Xianrui Li , Yufei Cui , Jun Li , Antoni B. Chan

Multiple instance learning (MIL) models have achieved remarkable success in analyzing whole slide images (WSIs) for disease classification problems. However, with regard to gigapixel WSI classification problems, current MIL models are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Ziyu Su , Mostafa Rezapour , Usama Sajjad , Metin Nafi Gurcan , Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi

The detection of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) colonies often needs the precise extraction of the colony features. However, existing computerized systems relied on segmentation of contours by preprocessing for classifying the colony…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-10 Novanto Yudistira , Muthu Subash Kavitha , Jeny Rajan , Takio Kurita

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as a powerful framework for weakly supervised whole slide image (WSI) classification, enabling slide-level predictions without requiring detailed patch-level annotations. Despite its success, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Bryan Wong , Mun Yong Yi

We propose a new formulation of Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL). In typical MIL settings, a unit of data is given as a set of instances called a bag and the goal is to find a good classifier of bags based on similarity from a single or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Daiki Suehiro , Kohei Hatano , Eiji Takimoto , Shuji Yamamoto , Kenichi Bannai , Akiko Takeda

Attention-based multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as a powerful framework for whole slide image (WSI) diagnosis, leveraging attention to aggregate instance-level features into bag-level predictions. Despite this success, we find…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Linfeng Ye , Shayan Mohajer Hamidi , Zhixiang Chi , Guang Li , Mert Pilanci , Takahiro Ogawa , Miki Haseyama , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis

In many real-world tasks, the concerned objects can be represented as a multi-instance bag associated with a candidate label set, which consists of one ground-truth label and several false positive labels. Multi-instance partial-label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Wei Tang , Weijia Zhang , Min-Ling Zhang

This document describes a novel learning algorithm that classifies "bags" of instances rather than individual instances. A bag is labeled positive if it contains at least one positive instance (which may or may not be specifically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-11 Ramasubramanian Sundararajan , Hima Patel , Manisha Srivastava

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is an effective and widely used approach for weakly supervised machine learning. In histopathology, MIL models have achieved remarkable success in tasks like tumor detection, biomarker prediction, and…

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a supervised learning methodology that aims to allow models to learn instance class labels from bag class labels, where a bag is defined to contain multiple instances. MIL is gaining traction for learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Samuel W. Remedios , Zihao Wu , Camilo Bermudez , Cailey I. Kerley , Snehashis Roy , Mayur B. Patel , John A. Butman , Bennett A. Landman , Dzung L. Pham

In many review classification applications, a fine-grained analysis of the reviews is desirable, because different segments (e.g., sentences) of a review may focus on different aspects of the entity in question. However, training supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Giannis Karamanolakis , Daniel Hsu , Luis Gravano

Multi-instance learning (MIL) has a wide range of applications due to its distinctive characteristics. Although many state-of-the-art algorithms have achieved decent performances, a plurality of existing methods solve the problem only in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-12-04 Hanqiang Song , Zhuotun Zhu , Xinggang Wang

Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML), a popular gradient-based meta-learning framework, assumes that the contribution of each task or instance to the meta-learner is equal. Hence, it fails to address the domain shift between base and novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Krishnateja Killamsetty , Changbin Li , Chen Zhao , Rishabh Iyer , Feng Chen

Not all supervised learning problems are described by a pair of a fixed-size input tensor and a label. In some cases, especially in medical image analysis, a label corresponds to a bag of instances (e.g. image patches), and to classify such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Dawid Rymarczyk , Adriana Borowa , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński

We address the problem of \emph{instance label stability} in multiple instance learning (MIL) classifiers. These classifiers are trained only on globally annotated images (bags), but often can provide fine-grained annotations for image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Veronika Cheplygina , Lauge Sørensen , David M. J. Tax , Marleen de Bruijne , Marco Loog

As a widely used weakly supervised learning scheme, modern multiple instance learning (MIL) models achieve competitive performance at the bag level. However, instance-level prediction, which is essential for many important applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Hitesh Sapkota , Qi Yu

Learning accurate object detectors often requires large-scale training data with precise object bounding boxes. However, labeling such data is expensive and time-consuming. As the crowd-sourcing labeling process and the ambiguities of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Chengxin Liu , Kewei Wang , Hao Lu , Zhiguo Cao , Ziming Zhang

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is often used in medical imaging to classify high-resolution 2D images by processing patches or classify 3D volumes by processing slices. However, conventional MIL approaches treat instances separately,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Ethan Harvey , Dennis Johan Loevlie , Michael C. Hughes

Multiple instance learning (MIL) was a weakly supervised learning approach that sought to assign binary class labels to collections of instances known as bags. However, due to their weak supervision nature, the MIL methods were susceptible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Wenhui Zhu , Peijie Qiu , Xiwen Chen , Oana M. Dumitrascu , Yalin Wang

Multi-Instance Learning (MIL) is pivotal for analyzing complex, weakly labeled datasets, such as whole-slide images (WSIs) in computational pathology, where bags comprise unordered collections of instances with sparse diagnostic relevance.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yuedi Zhang , Zhixiang Xia , Guosheng Yin , Bin Liu