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Population of levels of the hyperfine and fine split ground state of an atom is affected by radiative transitions induced by anisotropic radiation flux. Such aligned atoms precess in the external magnetic field and this affects properties…
The use of a method of spectra disentangling for telluric lines is explained in detail, with a particular emphasis on high-precision radial-velocity measurements for the search for extrasolar planets. New improvements to the method are…
In this work, we derive two formulas encoding the polarization direction and luminosity of synchrotron radiations from the moving electrons in curved spacetime under the geometric optics approximation. As an application, we further study…
The inverse electromagnetic source scattering problem from multi-frequency sparse electric far field patterns is considered. The underlying source is a combination of electric dipoles and magnetic dipoles. We show that the locations and the…
The technique of Faraday tomography is a key tool for the study of magnetised plasmas in the new era of broadband radio polarisation observations. In particular, observations at metre-wavelengths provide significantly better Faraday depth…
The far-field pattern of a simple one-dimensional laser array of emitters radiating into free space is considered. In the path of investigating the inverse problem for their near fields leading to a target beam form, surprisingly we found…
Holography is a cornerstone characterisation and imaging technique that can be applied to the full electromagnetic spectrum, from X-rays to radio waves or even particles such as neutrons. The key property in all these holographic approaches…
In undergraduate optics courses, diffraction gratings are studied extensively, generally within the scalar approximation. When the vector nature of light is taken into account, so-called polarization diffraction gratings have been proposed,…
Using polarization measurements in remote sensing and optical studies allows retrieving more information. We consider relationship between the reflection coefficients of plane and rough surfaces for linearly polarized waves. Certain…
We present angle- and polarization-resolved measurements of the optical transmission of a subwavelength hole array. These results give a (far-field) visualization of the corresponding (near-field) propagation of the excited surface plasmons…
Recent theoretical and experimental studies have shown that imaging with resolution well beyond the diffraction limit can be obtained with so-called superlenses. Images formed by such superlenses are, however, in the near field only, or a…
Focused laser fields with textured polarization on a sub-wavelength scale allow extracting information on electronic processes which are not directly accessible by homogeneous fields. Here, we consider photoionization in radially and…
We describe a new technique for probing galactic and extragalactic 2D and 3D magnetic field distribution using gradients of polarized synchrotron emission. The fluctuations of magnetic field are elongated along the ambient magnetic field.…
Uncalibrated photometric stereo aims at estimating the 3D-shape of a surface, given a set of images captured from the same viewing angle, but under unknown, varying illumination. While the theoretical foundations of this inverse problem…
High-contrast imaging provided by a coronagraph is critical for the direction imaging of the Earth-like planet orbiting its bright parent star. A major limitation for such direct imaging is the speckle noise that is induced from the…
Polarimetric radio observations of the Sun can provide rich information about emission mechanisms and the propagation medium. For the past five decades, solar polarimetric studies at low radio frequencies have almost always assumed the…
The polarization state of starlight reflected by a planetary atmosphere uniquely reveals coverage, particle size, and composition of aerosols as well as changing cloud patterns. It is not possible to obtain a comparable level of detailed…
We experimentally demonstrate that electrically neutral particles, neutrons, can be used to directly visualize the electrostatic field inside a target volume that can be isolated or occupied. Electric-field images were obtained using a…
A representation of partially spatially coherent and partially polarized stationary electromagnetic fields is given in terms of mutually uncorrelated, transversely shifted, fully coherent and polarized elementary electric-field modes. This…
We explain the linear polarization of the Ca II infrared triplet observed close to the edge of the solar disk. In particular, we demonstrate that the physical origin of the enigmatic polarizations of the 866.2 nm and 854.2 nm lines lies in…