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We study the fundamental question of how likely it is that two randomly chosen trees are isomorphic to each other for different models of random trees. We show that the probability decays exponentially for rooted labeled trees as well as…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-04-11 Christoffer Olsson

Coloured probability tree models are statistical models coding conditional independence between events depicted in a tree graph. They are more general than the very important class of context-specific Bayesian networks. In this paper, we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Eliana Duarte , Christiane Görgen

We introduce a random graph model based on k-trees, which can be generated by applying a probabilistic preferential attachment rule, but which also has a simple combinatorial description. We carry out a precise distributional analysis of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-02 Alois Panholzer , Georg Seitz

We consider the model of random trees introduced by Devroye (1999), the so-called random split trees. The model encompasses many important randomized algorithms and data structures. We then perform supercritical Bernoulli bond-percolation…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-06-01 Gabriel Berzunza , Cecilia Holmgren

The recursive and hierarchical structure of full rooted trees is applicable to represent statistical models in various areas, such as data compression, image processing, and machine learning. In most of these cases, the full rooted tree is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-24 Yuta Nakahara , Shota Saito , Akira Kamatsuka , Toshiyasu Matsushima

We analyze the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrices of a wide variety of random trees. Using general, broadly applicable arguments based on the interlacing inequalities for the eigenvalues of a principal submatrix of a Hermitian matrix and…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-04-12 Shankar Bhamidi , Steven N. Evans , Arnab Sen

We consider a probability distribution on the set of Boolean functions in n variables which is induced by random Boolean expressions. Such an expression is a random rooted plane tree where the internal vertices are labelled with connectives…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-28 Antoine Genitrini , Bernhard Gittenberger , Veronika Kraus , Cécile Mailler

We study a tree coloring model introduced by Guidon (2018), initially based on an analogy with a remote control system of a rail yard, seen as switches on a binary tree. For a given binary tree, we formalize the constraints on the coloring,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Olivier Golinelli

This paper studies the problem of estimating the order of arrival of the vertices in a random recursive tree. Specifically, we study two fundamental models: the uniform attachment model and the linear preferential attachment model. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-17 Simon Briend , Christophe Giraud , Gábor Lugosi , Déborah Sulem

Random-cluster measures on infinite regular trees are studied in conjunction with a general type of `boundary condition', namely an equivalence relation on the set of infinite paths of the tree. The uniqueness and non-uniqueness of…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Geoffrey Grimmett , Svante Janson

A normal network is uniquely determined by the set of phylogenetic trees that it displays. Given a set $\mathcal{P}$ of rooted binary phylogenetic trees, this paper presents a polynomial-time algorithm that reconstructs the unique binary…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-10 Magnus Bordewich , Simone Linz , Charles Semple

In mathematical phylogenetics, evolutionary relationships are often represented by trees and networks. The latter are typically used whenever the relationships cannot be adequately described by a tree, which happens when so-called…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-05 Mirko Wilde , Mareike Fischer

We study the growth of a time-ordered rooted tree by probabilistic attachment of new vertices to leaves. We construct a likelihood function of the leaves based on the connectivity of the tree. We take such connectivity to be induced by the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Nomvelo Sibisi

We study fringe subtrees of random $ m $-ary search trees and of preferential attachment trees, by putting them in the context of generalised P\'olya urns. In particular we show that for the random $ m $-ary search trees with $ m\leq 26 $…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-03-29 Cecilia Holmgren , Svante Janson , Matas Šileikis

A fringe subtree of a rooted tree is a subtree induced by one of the vertices and all its descendants. We consider the problem of estimating the number of distinct fringe subtrees in two types of random trees: simply generated trees and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Louisa Seelbach Benkner , Stephan Wagner

We introduce a novel preferential attachment model using the draw variables of a modified P\'olya urn with an expanding number of colors, notably capable of modeling influential opinions (in terms of vertices of high degree) as the graph…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-05-15 Somya Singh , Fady Alajaji , Bahman Gharesifard

One class of random walks with infinite memory, so called elephant random walks, are simple models describing anomalous diffusion. We present a surprising connection between these models and bond percolation on random recursive trees. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-03-23 Rüdiger Kürsten

We study a geometrically constrained coalescence model derived from spin systems. Given two probability distributions $\mathbb{P}_R$ and $\mathbb{P}_B$ on the positive reals with finite means, colour the real line alternately with red and…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-07 Paul Balister , Béla Bollobás , Jonathan Lee , Bhargav Narayanan

We provide a local probabilistic description of the limiting statistics of large preferential attachment trees in terms of the ordinary degree (number of neighbors) but augmented with information on leafdegree (number of neighbors that are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-03 Harrison Hartle , P. L. Krapivsky

We are interested in the independence number of large random simply generated trees and related parameters, such as their matching number or the kernel dimension of their adjacency matrix. We express these quantities using a canonical…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-11 Etienne Bellin