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Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms typically require millions of environment interactions to learn successful policies in sparse reward settings. Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) was introduced as a technique to increase sample…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Himanshu Sahni , Toby Buckley , Pieter Abbeel , Ilya Kuzovkin

In Hindsight Experience Replay (HER), a reinforcement learning agent is trained by treating whatever it has achieved as virtual goals. However, in previous work, the experience was replayed at random, without considering which episode might…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Rui Zhao , Volker Tresp

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) to follow instructions with various constraints. Despite the encouraging results, RL improvement inevitably relies on sampling successful, high-quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Kongcheng Zhang , Qi Yao , Shunyu Liu , Wenjian Zhang , Min Cen , Yang Zhou , Wenkai Fang , Yiru Zhao , Baisheng Lai , Mingli Song

Sample-efficient online reinforcement learning often uses replay buffers to store experience for reuse when updating the value function. However, uniform replay is inefficient, since certain classes of transitions can be more relevant to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Renhao Wang , Kevin Frans , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine , Alexei A. Efros

Several algorithms have been proposed to sample non-uniformly the replay buffer of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents to speed-up learning, but very few theoretical foundations of these sampling schemes have been provided. Among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Thibault Lahire , Matthieu Geist , Emmanuel Rachelson

Reinforcement learning algorithms such as hindsight experience replay (HER) and hindsight goal generation (HGG) have been able to solve challenging robotic manipulation tasks in multi-goal settings with sparse rewards. HER achieves its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Zhenshan Bing , Matthias Brucker , Fabrice O. Morin , Kai Huang , Alois Knoll

Designing rewards for Reinforcement Learning (RL) is challenging because it needs to convey the desired task, be efficient to optimize, and be easy to compute. The latter is particularly problematic when applying RL to robotics, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Yiming Ding , Carlos Florensa , Mariano Phielipp , Pieter Abbeel

Model-based reinforcement learning is a promising learning strategy for practical robotic applications due to its improved data-efficiency versus model-free counterparts. However, current state-of-the-art model-based methods rely on shaped…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Robert McCarthy , Qiang Wang , Stephen J. Redmond

Language creates a compact representation of the world and allows the description of unlimited situations and objectives through compositionality. While these characterizations may foster instructing, conditioning or structuring interactive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Geoffrey Cideron , Mathieu Seurin , Florian Strub , Olivier Pietquin

Sparse reward is one of the most challenging problems in reinforcement learning (RL). Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) attempts to address this issue by converting a failed experience to a successful one by relabeling the goals. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Harris Chan , Yuhuai Wu , Jamie Kiros , Sanja Fidler , Jimmy Ba

Multi-goal reinforcement learning is widely applied in planning and robot manipulation. Two main challenges in multi-goal reinforcement learning are sparse rewards and sample inefficiency. Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) aims to tackle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Rui Yang , Jiafei Lyu , Yu Yang , Jiangpeng Yan , Feng Luo , Dijun Luo , Lanqing Li , Xiu Li

In Multi-Goal Reinforcement Learning, an agent learns to achieve multiple goals with a goal-conditioned policy. During learning, the agent first collects the trajectories into a replay buffer, and later these trajectories are selected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Rui Zhao , Xudong Sun , Volker Tresp

Multi-goal robot manipulation tasks with sparse rewards are difficult for reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms due to the inefficiency in collecting successful experiences. Recent algorithms such as Hindsight Experience Replay (HER)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Erdi Sayar , Zhenshan Bing , Carlo D'Eramo , Ozgur S. Oguz , Alois Knoll

In goal-conditioned hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL), a high-level policy specifies a subgoal for the low-level policy to reach. Effective HRL hinges on a suitable subgoal represen tation function, abstracting state space into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Vivienne Huiling Wang , Tinghuai Wang , Wenyan Yang , Joni-Kristian Kämäräinen , Joni Pajarinen

In reinforcement learning, experience replay stores past samples for further reuse. Prioritized sampling is a promising technique to better utilize these samples. Previous criteria of prioritization include TD error, recentness and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Xu-Hui Liu , Zhenghai Xue , Jing-Cheng Pang , Shengyi Jiang , Feng Xu , Yang Yu

Dealing with sparse rewards is one of the biggest challenges in Reinforcement Learning (RL). We present a novel technique called Hindsight Experience Replay which allows sample-efficient learning from rewards which are sparse and binary and…

Efficient learning in the environment with sparse rewards is one of the most important challenges in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). In continuous DRL environments such as robotic arms control, Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) has been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Qiwei He , Liansheng Zhuang , Houqiang Li

Complex sequential tasks in continuous-control settings often require agents to successfully traverse a set of "narrow passages" in their state space. Solving such tasks with a sparse reward in a sample-efficient manner poses a challenge to…

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) frameworks like Option-Critic (OC) and Multi-updates Option Critic (MOC) have introduced significant advancements in learning reusable options. However, these methods underperform in multi-goal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Gabriel Romio , Mateus Begnini Melchiades , Bruno Castro da Silva , Gabriel de Oliveira Ramos

Reinforcement learning (RL) enables agents to take decision based on a reward function. However, in the process of learning, the choice of values for learning algorithm parameters can significantly impact the overall learning process. In…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Adarsh Sehgal , Hung Manh La , Sushil J. Louis , Hai Nguyen