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For large language models (LLMs) to be effective in the financial domain -- where each decision can have a significant impact -- it is necessary to investigate realistic tasks and data. Financial professionals often interact with documents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Varshini Reddy , Rik Koncel-Kedziorski , Viet Dac Lai , Michael Krumdick , Charles Lovering , Chris Tanner

The NLI4CT task aims to entail hypotheses based on Clinical Trial Reports (CTRs) and retrieve the corresponding evidence supporting the justification. This task poses a significant challenge, as verifying hypotheses in the NLI4CT task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Yuxuan Zhou , Ziyu Jin , Meiwei Li , Miao Li , Xien Liu , Xinxin You , Ji Wu

Extracting useful signals or pattern to support important business decisions for example analyzing investment product traction and discovering customer preference, risk monitoring etc. from unstructured text is a challenging task. Capturing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Anshika Rawal , Abhijeet Kumar , Mridul Mishra

Financial event entity extraction is a crucial task for analyzing market dynamics and building financial knowledge graphs, yet it presents significant challenges due to the specialized language and complex structures in financial texts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Soo-joon Choi , Ji-jun Park

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly permeate the financial sector, there is a pressing need for a standardized method to comprehensively assess their performance. Existing financial benchmarks often suffer from limited language and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xiaojun Wu , Junxi Liu , Huanyi Su , Zhouchi Lin , Yiyan Qi , Chengjin Xu , Jiajun Su , Jiajie Zhong , Fuwei Wang , Saizhuo Wang , Fengrui Hua , Jia Li , Jian Guo

In this new and current era of technology, advancements and techniques, efficient and effective text document classification is becoming a challenging and highly required area to capably categorize text documents into mutually exclusive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-04-11 Shalini Puri , Sona Kaushik

Large language models (LLMs) often hallucinate, yet most existing fact-checking methods treat factuality evaluation as a binary classification problem, offering limited interpretability and failing to capture fine-grained error types. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yuzhuo Bai , Shuzheng Si , Kangyang Luo , Qingyi Wang , Wenhao Li , Gang Chen , Fanchao Qi , Maosong Sun

This paper shows that further evaluation metrics during model training are needed to decide about its applicability in inference. As an example, a LayoutLM-based model is trained for token classification in documents. The documents are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Anket Mehra , Malte Prieß , Marian Himstedt

Publicly traded companies are required to submit periodic reports with eXtensive Business Reporting Language (XBRL) word-level tags. Manually tagging the reports is tedious and costly. We, therefore, introduce XBRL tagging as a new entity…

Financial data aggregators and Personal Financial Management (PFM) services are software products that help individuals manage personal finances by collecting information from multiple accounts at various Financial Institutes (FIs),…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Noa Haas , Yair Horesh , Shimon Shahar , Yehezkel S. Resheff

We introduce KPI-Check, a novel system that automatically identifies and cross-checks semantically equivalent key performance indicators (KPIs), e.g. "revenue" or "total costs", in real-world German financial reports. It combines a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Lars Hillebrand , Tobias Deußer , Tim Dilmaghani , Bernd Kliem , Rüdiger Loitz , Christian Bauckhage , Rafet Sifa

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is becoming increasingly essential for Question Answering (QA) in the financial sector, where accurate and contextually grounded insights from complex public disclosures are crucial. However, existing…

In the modern financial sector, the exponential growth of data has made efficient and accurate financial data analysis increasingly crucial. Traditional methods, such as statistical analysis and rule-based systems, often struggle to process…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-04-10 Jingru Wang , Wen Ding , Xiaotong Zhu

Despite the strong research interest in document-level Machine Translation (MT), the test sets dedicated to this task are still scarce. The existing test sets mainly cover topics from the general domain and fall short on specialised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Mariam Nakhlé , Marco Dinarelli , Raheel Qader , Emmanuelle Esperança-Rodier , Hervé Blanchon

With the rapid development of automatic fake news detection technology, fact extraction and verification (FEVER) has been attracting more attention. The task aims to extract the most related fact evidences from millions of open-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Hao Wang , Yangguang Li , Zhen Huang , Yong Dou

Financial tasks are pivotal to global economic stability; however, their execution faces challenges including labor intensive processes, low error tolerance, data fragmentation, and tool limitations. Although large language models (LLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Junzhe Jiang , Chang Yang , Aixin Cui , Sihan Jin , Ruiyu Wang , Bo Li , Xiao Huang , Dongning Sun , Xinrun Wang

Text mining methods are used for a wide range of Software Engineering (SE) tasks. The biggest challenge of text mining is high dimensional data, i.e., a corpus of documents can contain $10^4$ to $10^6$ unique words. To address this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Amritanshu Agrawal , Huy Tu , Tim Menzies

Numerical reasoning is an important task in the analysis of financial documents. It helps in understanding and performing numerical predictions with logical conclusions for the given query seeking answers from financial texts. Recently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Aryan Mishra , Akash Anil

This study introduces a framework for evaluating consistency in large language model (LLM) binary text classification, addressing the lack of established reliability assessment methods. Adapting psychometric principles, we determine sample…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Fadel M. Megahed , Ying-Ju Chen , L. Allision Jones-Farmer , Younghwa Lee , Jiawei Brooke Wang , Inez M. Zwetsloot

In this work, we examine the evaluation process for the task of detecting financial reports with a high risk of containing a misstatement. This task is often referred to, in the literature, as ``misstatement detection in financial…