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We define the class of explorable automata on finite or infinite words. This is a generalization of History-Deterministic (HD) automata, where this time non-deterministic choices can be resolved by building finitely many simultaneous runs…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Emile Hazard , Olivier Idir , Denis Kuperberg

In this paper, we study two-player zero-sum turn-based games played on a finite multidimensional weighted graph. In recent papers all dimensions use the same measure, whereas here we allow to combine different measures. Such heterogeneous…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Véronique Bruyère , Quentin Hautem , Jean-François Raskin

The deterministic membership problem for timed automata asks whether the timed language recognised by a nondeterministic timed automaton can be recognised by a deterministic timed automaton. We show that the problem is decidable when the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Lorenzo Clemente , Sławomir Lasota , Radosław Piórkowski

Probabilistic timed automata are a suitable formalism to model systems with real-time, nondeterministic and probabilistic behaviour. We study two-player zero-sum games on such automata where the objective of the game is specified as the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-04-18 Vojtěch Forejt , Marta Kwiatkowska , Gethin Norman , Ashutosh Trivedi

In GFG automata, it is possible to resolve nondeterminism in a way that only depends on the past and still accepts all the words in the language. The motivation for GFG automata comes from their adequacy for games and synthesis, wherein…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-12 Udi Boker , Orna Kupferman , Michał Skrzypczak

We study alternating parity good-for-games (GFG) automata, i.e., alternating parity automata where both conjunctive and disjunctive choices can be resolved in an online manner, without knowledge of the suffix of the input word still to be…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Udi Boker , Denis Kuperberg , Karoliina Lehtinen , Michał Skrzypczak

Good-for-MDPs and good-for-games automata are two recent classes of nondeterministic automata that reside between general nondeterministic and deterministic automata. Deterministic automata are good-for-games, and good-for-games automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang

Probabilistic automata are an extension of nondeterministic finite automata in which transitions are annotated with probabilities. Despite its simplicity, this model is very expressive and many of the associated algorithmic questions are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Nathanaël Fijalkow , Cristian Riveros , James Worrell

We consider probabilistic automata on infinite words with acceptance defined by safety, reachability, B\"uchi, coB\"uchi, and limit-average conditions. We consider quantitative and qualitative decision problems. We present extensions and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-04-28 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Thomas A. Henzinger , Mathieu Tracol

Many problems in compositional synthesis and verification of multi-agent systems -- such as rational verification and assume-guarantee verification in probabilistic systems -- reduce to reasoning about two-player multi-objective stochastic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Moritz Graf , Anthony Lin , Rupak Majumdar

We study explorability, a measure of nondeterminism in pushdown automata, which generalises history-determinism. An automaton is k-explorable if, while reading the input, it suffices to follow k concurrent runs, built step-by-step based…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ayaan Bedi , Karoliina Lehtinen

We study turn-based stochastic zero-sum games with lexicographic preferences over reachability and safety objectives. Stochastic games are standard models in control, verification, and synthesis of stochastic reactive systems that exhibit…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Joost-Pieter Katoen , Maximilian Weininger , Tobias Winkler

A two-dimensional finite automaton has a read-only input head that moves in four directions on a finite array of cells labelled by symbols of the input alphabet. A three-way two-dimensional automaton is prohibited from making upward moves,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Taylor J. Smith , Kai Salomaa

In a reachability-time game, players Min and Max choose moves so that the time to reach a final state in a timed automaton is minimised or maximised, respectively. Asarin and Maler showed decidability of reachability-time games on strongly…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Marcin Jurdziński , Ashutosh Trivedi

Discounting the influence of future events is a key paradigm in economics and it is widely used in computer-science models, such as games, Markov decision processes (MDPs), reinforcement learning, and automata. While a single game or MDP…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Udi Boker , Guy Hefetz

We consider both finite-state game graphs and recursive game graphs (or pushdown game graphs), that can model the control flow of sequential programs with recursion, with multi-dimensional mean-payoff objectives. In pushdown games two types…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-08-09 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Yaron Velner

We study a generalisation of B\"uchi-Landweber games to the timed setting. The winning condition is specified by a non-deterministic timed automaton with epsilon transitions and only Player I can elapse time. We show that for fixed number…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Lorenzo Clemente , Sławomir Lasota , Radosław Piórkowski

We consider history-determinism, a restricted form of non-determinism, for Vector Addition Systems with States (VASS) when used as acceptors to recognise languages of finite words. History-determinism requires that the non-deterministic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Sougata Bose , David Purser , Patrick Totzke

We explore language semantics for automata combining probabilistic and nondeterministic behavior. We first show that there are precisely two natural semantics for probabilistic automata with nondeterminism. For both choices, we show that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Gerco van Heerdt , Justin Hsu , Joël Ouaknine , Alexandra Silva

Parikh automata extend finite automata by counters that can be tested for membership in a semilinear set, but only at the end of a run, thereby preserving many of the desirable algorithmic properties of finite automata. Here, we study the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Shibashis Guha , Ismaël Jecker , Karoliina Lehtinen , Martin Zimmermann