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Spatial variations in the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest opacity at $z<6$ seem to require a late end to cosmic reionization. In this picture, the universe contains neutral hydrogen 'islands' of up to 100 cMpc$/h$ in extent down to redshifts as low…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-06 Janakee Raste , Girish Kulkarni , Catherine A. Watkinson , Laura C. Keating , Martin G. Haehnelt

The Epoch of Reionization (EoR)---when neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium was systematically ionized---is a period in our Universe's history that is currently poorly understood. However, a key prediction of most models is a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-25 Michael Pagano , Adrian Liu

The first measurements of the 21 cm brightness temperature power spectrum from the epoch of reionization will very likely be achieved in the near future by radio interferometric array experiments such as the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-22 Xiaosheng Zhao , Yi Mao , Benjamin D. Wandelt

The observation of space-time variations in fundamental constants would provide strong evidence for the existence of new light degrees of freedom in the theory of Nature. Robustly constraining such scenarios requires exploiting observations…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-17 Laura Lopez-Honorez , Olga Mena , Sergio Palomares-Ruiz , Pablo Villanueva-Domingo , Samuel J. Witte

We propose the HI 21-cm power spectrum from the post-reionization epoch as a probe of a cosmological model with decaying dark matter particles. The unstable particles are assumed to undergo a 2-body decay into a massless and massive…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-12 Mohit Yadav , Tapomoy Guha Sarkar

Detection of the \hi~ 21-cm power spectrum is one of the key science drivers of several ongoing and upcoming low-frequency radio interferometers. However, the major challenge in such observations come from bright foregrounds, whose accurate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-29 Madhurima Choudhury , Abhirup Datta , Suman Majumdar

The sky-averaged, or global, background of redshifted $21$ cm radiation is expected to be a rich source of information on cosmological reheating and reionizaton. However, measuring the signal is technically challenging: one must extract a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-03 Tejaswi Venumadhav , Tzu-Ching Chang , Olivier Doré , Christopher M. Hirata

We explore the ability of measurements of the 21-cm power spectrum during reionization to enable the simultaneous reconstruction of the reionization history and the properties of the ionizing sources. For various sets of simulated 21-cm…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Rennan Barkana

The turbulent ionosphere causes phase shifts to incoming radio waves on a broad range of temporal and spatial scales. When an interferometer is not sufficiently calibrated for the direction-dependent ionospheric effects, the time-varying…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-02 S. A. Brackenhoff , M. Mevius , L. V. E. Koopmans , A. Offringa , E. Ceccotti , J. K. Chege , B. K. Gehlot , S. Ghosh , C. Höfer , F. G. Mertens , S. Munshi , S. Zaroubi

The EoR 21-cm signal is expected to become highly non-Gaussian as reionization progresses. This severely affects the error-covariance of the EoR 21-cm power spectrum which is important for predicting the prospects of a detection with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-14 Rajesh Mondal , Somnath Bharadwaj , Suman Majumdar

The radio interferometric closure phases can be a valuable tool for studying cosmological {H\scriptsize{I}}~from the early Universe. Closure phases have the advantage of being immune to element-based gains and associated calibration errors.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-05 Himanshu Tiwari , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Cathryn M. Trott , Benjamin McKinley

I discuss fluctuations in the neutral hydrogen (HI) density of the z~2.3 intergalactic medium and show that their relation to cosmic overdensity is strongly scale-dependent. This behaviour arises from a linearized version of the well-known…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Andrew Pontzen

The 21-cm signals from Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization contain valuable information on cosmological structure formation dominated by dark matter. Measurements of the 21-cm power spectrum can thus probe certain dark matter…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-15 Shihang Liu , Yilin Liu , Bowen Peng , Mengzhou Xie , Zelong Liu , Bohua Li , Yi Mao

Accurate simulations of the 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization require the generation of maps at specific frequencies given the values of astrophysical and cosmological parameters. The peculiar velocities of the hydrogen atoms…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-22 Emma Chapman , Mario G. Santos

The cosmological 21-cm signal is sourced from hyperfine transitions in neutral hydrogen atoms. Yet, although the abundance of hydrogen atoms follows the baryon density field, semi-numerical codes that simulate the 21-cm signal simplify…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-21 Jordan Flitter , Sarah Libanore , Ely D. Kovetz

Aiming to correctly restore the redshifted 21 cm signals emitted by the neutral hydrogen during the cosmic reionization processes, we re-examine the separation approaches based on the quadratic polynomial fitting technique in frequency…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Jingying Wang , Haiguang Xu , Tao An , Junhua Gu , Xueying Guo , Weitian Li , Yu Wang , Chengze Liu , Olivier Martineau-Huynh , Xiang-Ping Wu

The fluid forces associated with primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) generate small-scale fluctuations in the primordial density field, which add to the $\mathrm{\Lambda CDM}$ linear matter power spectrum on small scales. These enhanced…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-01 Hector Afonso G. Cruz , Tal Adi , Jordan Flitter , Marc Kamionkowski , Ely D. Kovetz

The first generation of redshifted 21 cm detection experiments, carried out with arrays like LOFAR, MWA and GMRT, will have a very low signal-to-noise ratio per resolution element (\sim 0.2). In addition, whereas the variance of the…

The redshifted $21$\,cm signal of neutral hydrogen can be used as a direct probe of the intergalactic medium during Cosmic Dawn\,(CD) and Epoch of Reionization\,(EoR). However, detecting this inherently weak signal has numerous challenges.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-28 Samit Kumar Pal , Abhirup Datta , Aishrila Mazumder

The 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen - emitted during the Epoch of Reionization - promises to be an important source of information for the study of the infant universe. However, its detection is impossible without sufficient mitigation of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-09 A. Mouri Sardarabadi , L. V. E. Koopmans