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Particle-in-cell merging algorithms aim to resample dynamically the six-dimensional phase space occupied by particles without distorting substantially the physical description of the system. Whereas various approaches have been proposed in…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-11-16 Marija Vranic , Thomas Grismayer , Joana L. Martins , Ricardo A. Fonseca , Luis O. Silva

Particle-in-cell (PIC) plasma simulations are a productive and valued tool for the study of nonlinear plasma phenomena, yet there are basic questions about the simulation methods themselves that remain unanswered. Here we study one such…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-06-22 J. U. Brackbill

We present a geometric Particle-in-Cell (PIC) algorithm on two-dimensional (2D) unstructured meshes for studying electrostatic perturbations in magnetized plasmas. In this method, ions are treated as fully kinetic particles, and electrons…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Zhenyu Wang , Hong Qin , Benjamin Sturdevant , C. S. Chang

Across many plasma applications, the underlying phenomena and interactions among the involved processes are known to exhibit three-dimensional characteristics. Furthermore, the global properties and evolution of plasma systems are often…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-11-11 Maryam Reza , Farbod Faraji , Aaron Knoll

A surrogate model for particle-in-cell plasma simulations based on a graph neural network is presented. The graph is constructed in such a way as to enable the representation of electromagnetic fields on a fixed spatial grid. The model is…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Marin Mlinarević , George K. Holt , Adriano Agnello

The simulation of problems in kinetic plasma physics are often challenging due to strongly coupled phenomena across multiple scales. In this work, we propose a wavelet-based coarse-grained numerical scheme, based on the framework of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-10-05 Paul Cazeaux , Jan S. Hesthaven

Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations spend most of their execution time on particle--grid interactions, where fine-grained atomic updates become a major bottleneck on traditional many-core CPUs. Recent CPU architectures integrate specialized…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yizhuo Rao , Xingjian Cui , Jiabin Xie , Shangzhi Pang , Guangnan Feng , Jinhui Wei , Zhiguang Chen , Yutong Lu

We introduce an extension of the particle-in-cell (PIC) method that captures the Landau collisional effects in the Vlasov-Maxwell-Landau equations. The method arises from a regularisation of the variational formulation of the Landau…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Rafael Bailo , José A. Carrillo , Jingwei Hu

We study parallel particle-in-cell (PIC) methods for low-temperature plasmas (LTPs), which discretize kinetic formulations that capture the time evolution of the probability density function of particles as a function of position and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-12 James Almgren-Bell , Nader Al Awar , Dilip S Geethakrishnan , Milos Gligoric , George Biros

We present an acceleration method for sequences of large-scale linear systems, such as the ones arising from the numerical solution of time-dependent partial differential equations coupled with algebraic constraints. We discuss different…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Margherita Guido , Daniel Kressner , Paolo Ricci

Modern ultra-intense laser facilities can generate electromagnetic fields strong enough to accelerate particles to near-light speeds over micron-scale distances and also approach the QED critical field, resulting in highly nonlinear and…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Q. Qian , D. Seipt , M. Vranic , T. Grismayer , C. P. Ridgers , A. G. R. Thomas

In this paper, we present different types of integrators for electro-magnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) methods. While the integrator is an important tool of the PIC methods, it is necessary to characterize the different conservation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-11-05 Juergen Geiser , Frederik Riedel

Global particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of pulsar magnetospheres are performed with a volume, surface and pair production-based plasma injection schemes to systematically investigate the transition between electrosphere and force-free…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-16 Fábio Cruz , Thomas Grismayer , Alexander Y. Chen , Anatoly Spitkovsky , Ricardo A. Fonseca , Luis O. Silva

Recently, a fully implicit, energy- and charge-conserving particle-in-cell method has been proposed for multi-scale, full-f kinetic simulations [G. Chen, et al., J. Comput. Phys. 230,18 (2011)]. The method employs a Jacobian-free…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Guangye Chen , Luis Chacón , Daniel C. Barnes

A recent proof-of-principle study proposes an energy- and charge-conserving, nonlinearly implicit electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm in one dimension [Chen et al, J. Comput. Phys., 230 (2011) 7018]. The algorithm in the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Guangye Chen , Luis Chacon , Christopher A Leibs , Dana A Knoll , William Taitano

Due to its flexible architecture, FPGAs support unique, deep hardware pipeline implementations for accelerating HPC applications. However, these devices are quite new in the HPC space, and thus, have been scarcely explored outside some…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Nicolas Lee Guidotti

Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations are fundamental to plasma physics but often suffer from limited scalability due to particle-grid interaction bottlenecks and particle redistribution costs. Specifically, the particle-grid interaction…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yizhuo Rao , Xingjian Cui , Shangzhi Pang , Jiabin Xie , Guangnan Feng , Jinhui Wei , Ziyan Zhang , Languang Gao , Zhenyu Wang , Zhiguang Chen , Yutong Lu

Solving for charged particle motion in electromagnetic fields (i.e. the particle pushing problem) is a computationally intensive component of particle-in-cell (PIC) methods for plasma physics simulations. This task is especially challenging…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Tri P. Nguyen , Ilon Joseph , Mayya Tokman

Electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) codes are widely used to perform computer simulations of a variety of physical systems, including fusion plasmas, astrophysical plasmas, plasma wakefield particle accelerators, and secondary photon…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Edoardo Zoni , Remi Lehe , Olga Shapoval , Daniel Belkin , Neil Zaïm , Luca Fedeli , Henri Vincenti , Jean-Luc Vay

Achieving large-scale kinetic modelling is a crucial task for the development and optimization of modern plasma devices. With the trend of decreasing pressure in applications such as plasma etching, kinetic simulations are necessary to…