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The prediction of the variance-covariance matrix of the multivariate normal distribution is important in the multivariate analysis. We investigated Bayesian predictive distributions for Wishart distributions under the Kullback-Leibler…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-26 Hidemasa Oda , Fumiyasu Komaki

We introduce a generalized information criterion that contains other well-known information criteria, such as Bayesian information Criterion (BIC) and Akaike information criterion (AIC), as special cases. Furthermore, the proposed spectral…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-21 L. Martino , R. San Millan-Castillo , E. Morgado

Robust model-fitting to spectroscopic transitions is a requirement across many fields of science. The corrected Akaike and Bayesian information criteria (AICc and BIC) are most frequently used to select the optimal number of fitting…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 John K. Webb , Chung-Chi Lee , Robert F. Carswell , Dinko Milaković

We review the Akaike, deviance, and Watanabe-Akaike information criteria from a Bayesian perspective, where the goal is to estimate expected out-of-sample-prediction error using a biascorrected adjustment of within-sample error. We focus on…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-07-24 Andrew Gelman , Jessica Hwang , Aki Vehtari

Bayesian predictive densities when the observed data $x$ and the target variable $y$ to be predicted have different distributions are investigated by using the framework of information geometry. The performance of predictive densities is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-27 Fumiyasu Komaki

Variational Inference is a powerful tool in the Bayesian modeling toolkit, however, its effectiveness is determined by the expressivity of the utilized variational distributions in terms of their ability to match the true posterior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-10 Artem Sobolev , Dmitry Vetrov

Information criteria such as Akaike's (AIC) and Bayes' (BIC) are widely used for model selection in physics and beyond, quantifying the tradeoff between model complexity and goodness-of-fit to enforce parsimony. However, their derivation…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Kumar Utkarsh , Daniel M. Abrams

Maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) are asymptotically normally distributed, and this property is used in meta-analyses to test the heterogeneity of estimates, either for a single cluster or for several sub-groups. More recently, MLEs for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-28 Anthony J. Webster

Across the empirical sciences, few statistical procedures rival the popularity of the frequentist t-test. In contrast, the Bayesian versions of the t-test have languished in obscurity. In recent years, however, the theoretical and practical…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-12-17 Quentin F. Gronau , Alexander Ly , Eric-Jan Wagenmakers

The information criterion for determining the number of explanatory variables in a subset regression modeling is discussed. Information criterion such as AIC is effective and frequently used in model selection for ordinary regression models…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-18 Genshiro Kitagawa

This paper applies the recently axiomatized Optimum Information Principle (minimize the Kullback-Leibler information subject to all relevant information) to nonparametric density estimation, which provides a theoretical foundation as well…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-03-28 Alexis Akira Toda

Finite mixture models are ubiquitous in modern statistical modeling, and a recurring practical issue is choosing the model order. In \citet[Sankhy\=a Series A, \textbf62, pp. 49--66]{keribin2000consistent}, the Bayesian information…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Hien Duy Nguyen , TrungTin Nguyen

Estimating the Shannon entropy of a discrete distribution from which we have only observed a small sample is challenging. Estimating other information-theoretic metrics, such as the Kullback-Leibler divergence between two sparsely sampled…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-02-24 Angelo Piga , Lluc Font-Pomarol , Marta Sales-Pardo , Roger Guimerà

The dominant term in PAC-Bayes bounds is often the Kullback--Leibler divergence between the posterior and prior. For so-called linear PAC-Bayes risk bounds based on the empirical risk of a fixed posterior kernel, it is possible to minimize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Gintare Karolina Dziugaite , Kyle Hsu , Waseem Gharbieh , Gabriel Arpino , Daniel M. Roy

Popular statistical software provides Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for multilevel models or linear mixed models. However, it has been observed that the combination of statistical literature and software documentation has led to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-24 Sun-Joo Cho , Hao Wu , Matthew Naveiras

For propensity score analysis and sparse estimation, we develop an information criterion for determining the regularization parameters needed in variable selection. First, for Gaussian distribution-based causal inference models, we extend…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-22 Yoshiyuki Ninomiya

We go through the process of crafting a robust and numerically stable online algorithm for the computation of the Watanabe-Akaike information criteria (WAIC). We implement this algorithm in the NIMBLE software. The implementation is…

Computation · Statistics 2021-06-28 Joshua E. Hug , Christopher J. Paciorek

We discuss Bayesian inference for parameters selected using the data. First, we provide a critical analysis of the existing positions in the literature regarding the correct Bayesian approach under selection. Second, we propose two types of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-12 Daniel G. Rasines , G. Alastair Young

Bayesian inference provides a powerful tool for leveraging observational data to inform model predictions and uncertainties. However, when such data is limited, Bayesian inference may not adequately constrain uncertainty without the use of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-26 Rebekah D. White , John D. Jakeman , Tim Wildey , Troy Butler

Occupancy models are typically used to determine the probability of a species being present at a given site while accounting for imperfect detection. The survey data underlying these models often include information on several predictors…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-05-09 Daniel Taylor-Rodriguez , Andrew Womack , Claudio Fuentes , Nikolay Bliznyuk