English
Related papers

Related papers: Counterfactuals in Branching Time: The Weakest Sol…

200 papers

We discuss the problem of defining a logic for analogical reasoning, and sketch a solution in the style of the semantics for Counterfactual Conditionals, Preferential Structures, etc.

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Karl Schlechta

Machine learning models based on temporal point processes are the state of the art in a wide variety of applications involving discrete events in continuous time. However, these models lack the ability to answer counterfactual questions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Kimia Noorbakhsh , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez

This work provides some general theorems about unconditional and conditional weak convergence of empirical processes in the case of Poisson sampling designs. The theorems presented in this work are stronger than previously published…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-12 Leo Pasquazzi

Time series forecasting has become increasingly critical in real-world scenarios, where future sequences are influenced not only by historical patterns but also by forthcoming events. In this context, forecasting must dynamically adapt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Shuqi Gu , Yongxiang Zhao , Baoyu Jing , Kan Ren

Greenberger, Horne, Shimony and Zeilinger gave a new version of the Bell theorem without using inequalities (probabilities). Mermin summarized it concisely; but Bohm and Hiley criticized Mermin's proof from contextualists' point of view.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Nuel Belnap , Laszlo E. Szabo

In recent years, there has been an explosion of AI research on counterfactual explanations as a solution to the problem of eXplainable AI (XAI). These explanations seem to offer technical, psychological and legal benefits over other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Mark T Keane , Eoin M Kenny , Eoin Delaney , Barry Smyth

Stapp's counterfactual argument for quantum nonlocality based upon a Hardy entangled state is shown to be flawed. While he has correctly analyzed a particular framework using the method of consistent histories, there are alternative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Robert B. Griffiths

In this short note, we are concerned with the fairness condition "A and B hold almost equally often", which is important for specifying and verifying the correctness of non-terminating processes and protocols. We introduce the logic of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Thomas Studer

We introduce $\textit{PCFTL (Probabilistic CounterFactual Temporal Logic)}$, a new probabilistic temporal logic for the verification of Markov Decision Processes (MDP). PCFTL is the first to include operators for causal reasoning, allowing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Milad Kazemi , Nicola Paoletti

Counterfactual explanations have emerged as a prominent method in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), providing intuitive and actionable insights into Machine Learning model decisions. In contrast to other traditional feature…

In the canonical approach to quantization of gravity, one often uses relational clock variables and an interpretation in terms of conditional probabilities to overcome the problem of time. In this essay we show that these suffer from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-23 Nirmalya Kajuri

The existence of small amounts of advanced radiation, or a tilt in the arrow of time, makes the basic equations of physics mixed-type functional differential equations. The novel features of such equations point to a microphysical structure…

General Physics · Physics 2008-08-12 C. K. Raju

We study abductive, causal, and non-causal conditionals in indicative and counterfactual formulations using probabilistic truth table tasks under incomplete probabilistic knowledge (N = 80). We frame the task as a probability-logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Niki Pfeifer , Leena Tulkki

A model for the cosmological time dependence of weak interactions is discused and some experimental tests suggested.

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Novello , P Rotelli

Probabilistic argumentation allows reasoning about argumentation problems in a way that is well-founded by probability theory. However, in practice, this approach can be severely limited by the fact that probabilities are defined by adding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Nico Potyka

Some authors in the quantum gravity community endorse, explicitly or implicitly, a radical relationalist view of time which states that the ordinal structure of time is not needed even in our classical theories, especially in general…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-05-14 Álvaro Mozota Frauca

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) offer a human-understandable way to explain decisions by identifying specific changes to the input parameters of a base or present model that would lead to a desired change in the outcome. For optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Felix Engelhardt , Jannis Kurtz , Ş. İlker Birbil , Ted Ralphs

Counterfactual explanations provide a potentially significant solution to the Explainable AI (XAI) problem, but good, native counterfactuals have been shown to rarely occur in most datasets. Hence, the most popular methods generate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Barry Smyth , Mark T Keane

In this paper titled A Symbolic Approach for Counterfactual Explanations we propose a novel symbolic approach to provide counterfactual explanations for a classifier predictions. Contrary to most explanation approaches where the goal is to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ryma Boumazouza , Fahima Cheikh-Alili , Bertrand Mazure , Karim Tabia

We predict credit applications with off-the-shelf, interchangeable black-box classifiers and we explain single predictions with counterfactual explanations. Counterfactual explanations expose the minimal changes required on the input data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-19 Rory Mc Grath , Luca Costabello , Chan Le Van , Paul Sweeney , Farbod Kamiab , Zhao Shen , Freddy Lecue