Related papers: Counterfactuals in Branching Time: The Weakest Sol…

This Series of Articles provides a local resolution of this major longstanding foundational problem between QM and GR, or, more generally, between Background Dependent and Background Independent Physics. We focus on the classical version;…

This paper addresses the challenge of generating Counterfactual Explanations (CEs), involving the identification and modification of the fewest necessary features to alter a classifier's prediction for a given image. Our proposed method,…

One of the basic peoblems of quantum cosmology is the problem of time. Various solutions have been proposed for this problem. One approach is to use the Bohmian time. Another Approach is to use the probabilistic time which was recently…

Within a Liouville approach to non-critical string theory, we argue for a non-trivial commutation relation between space and time observables, leading to a non-zero space-time uncertainty relation $\delta x \delta t > 0$, which vanishes in…

Writing temporal logic formulae for properties that combine instantaneous events with overlapping temporal phenomena of some duration is difficult in classical temporal logics. To address this issue, in previous work we introduced a new…

Using a recent result of C. De Lellis and L. Sz\'{e}kelyhidi Jr. we show that, in the case of periodic boundary conditions and for dimension greater or equal 2, there exist infinitely many global weak solutions to the incompressible Euler…

To operate intelligently in the world, an agent must reason about its actions. The consequences of an action are a function of both the state of the world and the action itself. Many aspects of the world are inherently stochastic, so a…

We address the problem of integrating data from multiple, possibly biased, observational and interventional studies, to eventually compute counterfactuals in structural causal models. We start from the case of a single observational dataset…

In this paper, we prove that there exists a unique, bounded continuous weak solution to the Dirichlet boundary value problem for a general class of second-order elliptic operators with singular coefficients, which does not necessarily have…

Trust in counterfactual explanations depends critically on whether their recommended changes are truly minimal: suboptimal explanations may vastly overshoot the actual changes needed to alter a decision, and heuristic errors can affect…

In this paper we propose a many-valued temporal conditional logic. We start from a many-valued logic with typicality, and extend it with the temporal operators of the Linear Time Temporal Logic (LTL), thus providing a formalism which is…

We consider the problem of estimating counterfactual quantities when prior knowledge is available in the form of disjunctive statements. These include disjunction of conditions (e.g., "the patient is more than 60 years of age") as well as…

We formally prove the existence of an enduring incongruence pervading a widespread interpretation of the Bell inequality and explain how to rationally avoid it with a natural assumption justified by explicit reference to a mathematical…

Visual counterfactual explanations are ideal hypothetical images that change the decision-making of the classifier with high confidence toward the desired class while remaining visually plausible and close to the initial image. In this…

We review the problem of time-critical action and discuss a reformulation that shifts knowledge acquisition from the assessment of complex temporal probabilistic dependencies to the direct assessment of time-dependent utilities over key…

We study the time regularity of local weak solutions of the heat equation in the context of local regular symmetric Dirichlet spaces. Under two basic and rather minimal assumptions, namely, the existence of certain cut-off functions and a…

Counterfactual explanations provide an intuitive way to understand model decisions by identifying minimal changes required to alter an outcome. However, applying counterfactual methods to time series models remains challenging due to…

Explaining multivariate time series is a compound challenge, as it requires identifying important locations in the time series and matching complex temporal patterns. Although previous saliency-based methods addressed the challenges, their…

It is shown that a weak solution with monotone-decreasing kinetic energy satisfies the strong energy inequality. Using this criterion, we analyze the behavior with respect to time for all weak solutions without any further assumption on…

We compare the sensitivity of a recent bound on time variation of the fine structure constant from optical clocks with bounds on time varying fundamental constants from atomic clocks sensitive to the electron-to-proton mass ratio, from…