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A famous result due to Lov\'{a}sz states that two finite relational structures $M$ and $N$ are isomorphic if, and only if, for all finite relational structures $T$, the number of homomorphisms from $T$ to $M$ is equal to the number of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jesse Comer

We show that any two Hadamard graphs on the same number of vertices are quantum isomorphic. This follows from a more general recipe for showing quantum isomorphism of graphs arising from certain association schemes. The main result is built…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-27 Ada Chan , William J. Martin

We study the problem of computing the parity of the number of homomorphisms from an input graph $G$ to a fixed graph $H$. Faben and Jerrum [ToC'15] introduced an explicit criterion on the graph $H$ and conjectured that, if satisfied, the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Jacob Focke , Leslie Ann Goldberg , Marc Roth , Stanislav Živný

We consider constrained variants of graph homomorphisms such as embeddings, monomorphisms, full homomorphisms, surjective homomorpshims, and locally constrained homomorphisms. We also introduce a new variation on this theme which derives…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-23 Yangjing Long

J. Przytycki has established a connection between the Hochschild homology of an algebra $A$ and the chromatic graph homology of a polygon graph with coefficients in $A$. In general the chromatic graph homology is not defined in the case…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-05-11 Paul Turner , Emmanuel Wagner

A graph G is a homomorphic preimage of another graph H, or equivalently G is H-colorable, if there exists a graph homomorphism from G to H. A classic problem is to characterize the family of homomorphic preimages of a given graph H. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-13 Sally Cockburn

We prove the existence of Rado sets in the Banach space of continuous functions on [0,1]. A countable dense set S is Rado if with probability 1, the infinite geometric random graph on S, formed by probabilistically making adjacent elements…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-06 Anthony Bonato , Jeannette Janssen , Anthony Quas

Let $G$ and $H$ be locally compact groups with fixed two-side-invariant Haar measures. A polyhomomorphism $G\to H$ is a closed subgroup $R\subset G\times H$ with a fixed Haar measure, whose marginals on $G$ and $H$ are dominated by the Haar…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-25 Yury A. Neretin

Homomorphism indistinguishability is a way of characterising many natural equivalence relations on graphs. Two graphs $G$ and $H$ are called homomorphism indistinguishable over a graph class $\mathcal{F}$ if for each $F \in \mathcal{F}$,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Tim Seppelt , Gian Luca Spitzer

This work derives an upper bound on the maximum cardinality of a family of graphs on a fixed number of vertices, in which the intersection of every two graphs in that family contains a subgraph that is isomorphic to a specified graph H.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-23 Igal Sason

Every clone of functions comes naturally equipped with a topology---the topology of pointwise convergence. A clone $\mathfrak{C}$ is said to have automatic homeomorphicity with respect to a class $\mathcal{C}$ of clones, if every…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-04-04 Christian Pech , Maja Pech

Homomorphisms between relational structures are not only fundamental mathematical objects, but are also of great importance in an applied computational context. Indeed, constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), a wide class of algorithmic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-05-23 Martin Grohe , Marc Thurley

A geometric graph \G is a simple graph drawn in the plane, on points in general position, with straight-line edges. We call \G a geometric realization of the underlying abstract graph G. A geometric homomorphism from \G to \H is a vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-06-25 Sally Cockburn

The neighborhood complex of a graph was introduced by Lov\'asz to provide topological lower bounds on chromatic number. More general homomorphism complexes of graphs were further studied by Babson and Kozlov. Such `Hom complexes' are also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-16 Anton Dochtermann , Anurag Singh

The Holant theorem is a powerful tool for studying the computational complexity of counting problems in the Holant framework. Due to the great expressiveness of the Holant framework, a converse to the Holant theorem would itself be a very…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ben Young

Many problems and conjectures in extremal combinatorics concern polynomial inequalities between homomorphism densities of graphs where we allow edges to have real weights. Using the theory of graph limits, we can equivalently evaluate…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-26 Grigoriy Blekherman , Annie Raymond , Fan Wei

In this paper, we relate a beautiful theory by Lov\'asz with a popular heuristic algorithm for the graph isomorphism problem, namely the color refinement algorithm and its k-dimensional generalization known as the Weisfeiler-Leman…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Holger Dell , Martin Grohe , Gaurav Rattan

In the branch of mathematics known as graph theory, graphs are considered as a set of points, called vertices, with connections between these points, called edges. The purpose of this paper is to study mappings between two graphs that have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-19 Jeffrey Beyerl , Cameron Sharpe

A large body of work has investigated the properties of graph neural networks and identified several limitations, particularly pertaining to their expressive power. Their inability to count certain patterns (e.g., cycles) in a graph lies at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Emily Jin , Michael Bronstein , İsmail İlkan Ceylan , Matthias Lanzinger

In the counting Graph Homomorphism problem (#GraphHom) the question is: Given graphs G,H, find the number of homomorphisms from G to H. This problem is generally #P-complete, moreover, Cygan et al. proved that unless the ETH is false there…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Amineh Dadsetan , Andrei A. Bulatov