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Related papers: CORA: Benchmarks, Baselines, and Metrics as a Plat…

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In reinforcement learning (RL) research, it is common to assume access to direct online interactions with the environment. However in many real-world applications, access to the environment is limited to a fixed offline dataset of logged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Yifan Wu , George Tucker , Ofir Nachum

Curriculum analytics (CA) studies curriculum structure and student data to ensure the quality of educational programs. An essential aspect is studying course properties, which involves assigning each course a representative difficulty…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Frederik Baucks , Robin Schmucker , Laurenz Wiskott

Progress in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) requires challenging benchmarks that assess the limits of current methods. However, existing benchmarks often target narrow short-horizon challenges that do not adequately stress the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Bassel Al Omari , Michael Matthews , Alexander Rutherford , Jakob Nicolaus Foerster

Reinforcement Learning (RL)-Based Recommender Systems (RSs) have gained rising attention for their potential to enhance long-term user engagement. However, research in this field faces challenges, including the lack of user-friendly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Yuanqing Yu , Chongming Gao , Jiawei Chen , Heng Tang , Yuefeng Sun , Qian Chen , Weizhi Ma , Min Zhang

Current role-playing agents (RPAs) are typically constructed by imitating surface-level behaviors, but this approach lacks internal cognitive consistency, often causing out-of-character errors in complex situations. To address this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yihong Tang , Kehai Chen , Xuefeng Bai , Benyou Wang , Zeming Liu , Haifeng Wang , Min Zhang

We present Cross-lingual Open-Retrieval Answer Generation (CORA), the first unified many-to-many question answering (QA) model that can answer questions across many languages, even for ones without language-specific annotated data or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Akari Asai , Xinyan Yu , Jungo Kasai , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Reliable and robust evaluation methods are a necessary first step towards developing machine learning models that are themselves robust and reliable. Unfortunately, current evaluation protocols typically used to assess classifiers fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Michael W. Spratling

Current benchmarks are inadequate for evaluating progress in reinforcement learning (RL) for large language models (LLMs).Despite recent benchmark gains reported for RL, we find that training on these benchmarks' training sets achieves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zihan Chen , Yiming Zhang , Hengguang Zhou , Zenghui Ding , Yining Sun , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Reward machines (RMs) inform reinforcement learning agents about the reward structure of the environment. This is particularly advantageous for complex non-Markovian tasks because agents with access to RMs can learn more efficiently from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Kristina Levina , Nikolaos Pappas , Athanasios Karapantelakis , Aneta Vulgarakis Feljan , Jendrik Seipp

Grounding the instruction in the environment is a key step in solving language-guided goal-reaching reinforcement learning problems. In automated reinforcement learning, a key concern is to enhance the model's ability to generalize across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Armin Saghafian , Amirmohammad Izadi , Negin Hashemi Dijujin , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

We present Voice Evaluation of Reasoning Ability (VERA), a benchmark for evaluating reasoning ability in voice-interactive systems under real-time conversational constraints. VERA comprises 2,931 voice-native episodes derived from…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-01 Yueqian Lin , Zhengmian Hu , Qinsi Wang , Yudong Liu , Hengfan Zhang , Jayakumar Subramanian , Nikos Vlassis , Hai Helen Li , Yiran Chen

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) is widely seen as having the potential to be significantly more sample efficient than model-free RL. However, research in model-based RL has not been very standardized. It is fairly common for…

The recent advances in reinforcement learning have led to effective methods able to obtain above human-level performances in very complex environments. However, once solved, these environments become less valuable, and new challenges with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Alessandro Palmas

Language agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding, reasoning, and executing complex tasks. However, developing robust agents presents significant challenges: substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Qianqian Zhang , Jiajia Liao , Heting Ying , Yibo Ma , Haozhan Shen , Jingcheng Li , Peng Liu , Lu Zhang , Chunxin Fang , Kyusong Lee , Ruochen Xu , Tiancheng Zhao

A new method for combining several initial estimators of the regression function is introduced. Instead of building a linear or convex optimized combination over a collection of basic estimators $r_1,\dots,r_M$, we use them as a collective…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-24 Gérard Biau , Aurélie Fischer , Benjamin Guedj , James Malley

This paper introduces ARCLE, an environment designed to facilitate reinforcement learning research on the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC). Addressing this inductive reasoning benchmark with reinforcement learning presents these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Hosung Lee , Sejin Kim , Seungpil Lee , Sanha Hwang , Jihwan Lee , Byung-Jun Lee , Sundong Kim

Scaling up data, parameters, and test-time computation has been the mainstream methods to improve LLM systems (LLMsys), but their upper bounds are almost reached due to the gradual depletion of high-quality data and marginal gains obtained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qingyao Ai , Yichen Tang , Changyue Wang , Jianming Long , Weihang Su , Yiqun Liu

Despite strong performance on code generation tasks, it remains unclear whether large language models (LLMs) genuinely reason about code execution. Existing code reasoning benchmarks primarily evaluate final output correctness under a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jun Gao , Yun Peng , Qian Qiao , Changhai Zhou , Yuhua Zhou , Shiyang Zhang , Shichao Weng , Zhenchang Xing , Xiaoxue Ren

Recent advances in probabilistic modelling have led to a large number of simulation-based inference algorithms which do not require numerical evaluation of likelihoods. However, a public benchmark with appropriate performance metrics for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-12 Jan-Matthis Lueckmann , Jan Boelts , David S. Greenberg , Pedro J. Gonçalves , Jakob H. Macke

Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning in the paradigm of locomotion using continuous control have raised the interest of game makers for the potential of digital actors using active ragdoll. Currently, the available options to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Joe Booth , Jackson Booth