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An interesting fact is that most of the known connected $2$-arc-transitive nonnormal Cayley graphs of small valency on finite simple groups are $(\mathrm{A}_{n+1},2)$-arc-transitive Cayley graphs on $\mathrm{A}_n$. This motivates the study…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-30 Jiangmin Pan , Binzhou Xia , Fugang Yin

We establish links between countable algebraically closed graphs and the endomorphisms of the countable universal graph $R$. As a consequence we show that, for any countable graph $\Gamma$, there are uncountably many maximal subgroups of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-06 Igor Dolinka , Robert D. Gray , Jillian D. McPhee , James D. Mitchell , Martyn Quick

Let $G$ be a graph with adjacency matrix $A(G)$ and degree matrix $D(G)$, and let $L_\mu(G):=A(G)-\mu D(G)$. Two graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$ are called \emph{degree-similar} if there exists an invertible matrix $M$ such that $M^{-1} A(G_1) M…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Yi-Zheng Fan , Ruo-Jie Xing , Yi-Liu Zhang , Wei Wang

An integral homology theory on the category of undirected reflexive graphs was constructed in [2]. A geometrical method to understand behaviors of $1$- and $2$-simplices under differential maps of the theory was developed in [3] and led us…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2019-12-16 Pongdate Montagantirud , Natthawut Phanachet

Comparability graphs are graphs which have transitive orientations. The dimension of a poset is the least number of linear orders whose intersection gives this poset. The dimension ${\rm dim}(X)$ of a comparability graph $X$ is the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-06-17 Pavel Klavík , Peter Zeman

We characterize connected tetravalent graphs $\Gamma$ which admit groups $M<H$ of automorphisms such that $\Gamma$ is $M$-half-arc-transitive and $H$-arc-transitive. Examples for each case are constructed, including a counter-example to a…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-29 Yuandong Li , Binzhou Xia , Jin-Xin Zhou

Transformers are increasingly employed for graph data, demonstrating competitive performance in diverse tasks. To incorporate graph information into these models, it is essential to enhance node and edge features with positional encodings.…

We study several noncommutative properties of 0-hyperbolic graphs. In particular, we prove that 0-hyperbolicity is preserved under quantum isomorphism. We also compute the quantum automorphism groups of 0-hyperbolic graphs and characterise…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-21 Amaury Freslon , Paul Meunier , Pegah Pournajafi

!-graphs provide a means of reasoning about infinite families of string diagrams and have proven useful in manipulation of (co)algebraic structures like Hopf algebras, Frobenius algebras, and compositions thereof. However, they have…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-03-05 Aleks Kissinger , David Quick

In this paper we show a correspondence between directed graphs and bipartite undirected graphs with a perfect matching, that allows to study properties of directed graphs through the properties of the corresponding undirected graphs. In…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Giuseppa Carrá Ferro , Daniela Ferrarello

In this paper, we study commutative zero-divisor semigroups determined by graphs. We prove a uniqueness theorem for a class of graphs. We show two classes of graphs that have no corresponding semigroups. In particular, any complete graph…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tongsuo Wu , Li Chen

We study a variant of the subgraph isomorphism problem that is of high interest to the quantum computing community. Our results give an algorithm to perform pattern matching in quantum circuits for many patterns simultaneously,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Luca Mondada , Pablo Andrés-Martínez

We consider a 2-homogeneous bipartite distance-regular graph $\Gamma$ with diameter $D \geq 3$. We assume that $\Gamma$ is not a hypercube nor a cycle. We fix a $Q$-polynomial ordering of the primitive idempotents of $\Gamma$. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Paul Terwilliger

We describe a technique to determine the automorphism group of a geometrically represented graph, by understanding the structure of the induced action on all geometric representations. Using this, we characterize automorphism groups of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-05 Pavel Klavík , Peter Zeman

The article surveys quantization schemes for metric graphs with spin. Typically quantum graphs are defined with the Laplace or Schrodinger operator which describe particles whose intrinsic angular momentum (spin) is zero. However, in many…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-12-06 J. M. Harrison

We study Schr\"odinger operators on compact finite metric graphs subject to $\delta$-coupling and standard boundary conditions. We compare the $n$-th eigenvalues of those self-adjoint realizations and derive an asymptotic result for the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 Patrizio Bifulco , Joachim Kerner

The groups QF, QT, and QV are groups of quasi-automorphisms of the infinite binary tree. Their names indicate a similarity with Thompson's well-known groups F, T, and V. We will use the theory of diagram groups over semigroup presentations…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-02 Samuel Audino , Delaney R. Aydel , Daniel S. Farley

We prove upper and lower bounds for the number of zeroes of linear combinations of Schr\"odinger eigenfunctions on metric (quantum) graphs. These bounds are distinct from both the interval and manifolds. We complement these bounds by giving…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-10-09 Ram Band , Philippe Charron

We establish a sharp lower bound on the first non-trivial eigenvalue of the Laplacian on a metric graph equipped with natural (i.e., continuity and Kirchhoff) vertex conditions in terms of the diameter and the total length of the graph.…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-04 J. B. Kennedy

We apply the quotient graph theory described by Band, Berkolaiko, Joyner and Liu to particular graphs symmetric with respect to $S_3$ and $C_3$ symmetry groups. We find the quotient graphs for the three-edge star quantum graph with Neumann…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-08-19 Vladimír Ježek , Jiří Lipovský