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Related papers: Answering Open-Domain Multi-Answer Questions via a…

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Despite their impressive capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often face challenges such as temporal misalignment and generating hallucinatory content. Enhancing LLMs with retrieval mechanisms to fetch relevant information from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yige Shen , Hao Jiang , Hua Qu , Jihong Zhao

We present a framework for question answering that can efficiently scale to longer documents while maintaining or even improving performance of state-of-the-art models. While most successful approaches for reading comprehension rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-09 Eunsol Choi , Daniel Hewlett , Alexandre Lacoste , Illia Polosukhin , Jakob Uszkoreit , Jonathan Berant

Search engines play an important role in our everyday lives by assisting us in finding the information we need. When we input a complex query, however, results are often far from satisfactory. In this work, we introduce a query…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Rodrigo Nogueira , Kyunghyun Cho

Using large language models (LLMs) to predict relevance judgments has shown promising results. Most studies treat this task as a distinct research line, e.g., focusing on prompt design for predicting relevance labels given a query and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Chuan Meng , Jiqun Liu , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Fengran Mo , Jeff Dalton , Maarten de Rijke

Pre-trained multimodal models have achieved significant success in retrieval-based question answering. However, current multimodal retrieval question-answering models face two main challenges. Firstly, utilizing compressed evidence features…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Shuwen Yang , Anran Wu , Xingjiao Wu , Luwei Xiao , Tianlong Ma , Cheng Jin , Liang He

State-of-the-art Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) models for Open-domain Question Answering (QA) are typically trained for span selection using distantly supervised positive examples and heuristically retrieved negative examples. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Srinivasan Iyer , Sewon Min , Yashar Mehdad , Wen-tau Yih

When language models answer open-ended problems, they implicitly make hidden decisions that shape their outputs, leaving users with uncontextualized answers rather than a working map of the problem; drawing on multiverse analysis from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Andre Ye , Jenny Y. Huang , Alicia Guo , Rose Novick , Tamara Broderick , Mitchell L. Gordon

Recently, retrieval systems based on dense representations have led to important improvements in open-domain question answering, and related tasks. While very effective, this approach is also memory intensive, as the dense vectors for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Gautier Izacard , Fabio Petroni , Lucas Hosseini , Nicola De Cao , Sebastian Riedel , Edouard Grave

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated promising gains in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, its dependence on domain-specific verifiers significantly restricts its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Chongxuan Huang , Lei Lin , Xiaodong Shi , Wenping Hu , Ruiming Tang

Reinforcement learning (RL) training of large language models (LLMs) on unverifiable tasks is challenging even when a reasonable-quality reference answer is available. We propose a constrained RL training framework that (i) optimizes a…

Question answering (QA) is a critical task for speech-based retrieval from knowledge sources, by sifting only the answers without requiring to read supporting documents. Specifically, open-domain QA aims to answer user questions on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Sang-eun Han , Yeonseok Jeong , Seung-won Hwang , Kyungjae Lee

One technique to improve the retrieval effectiveness of a search engine is to expand documents with terms that are related or representative of the documents' content.From the perspective of a question answering system, this might comprise…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Rodrigo Nogueira , Wei Yang , Jimmy Lin , Kyunghyun Cho

We propose EAR, a query Expansion And Reranking approach for improving passage retrieval, with the application to open-domain question answering. EAR first applies a query expansion model to generate a diverse set of queries, and then uses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Yung-Sung Chuang , Wei Fang , Shang-Wen Li , Wen-tau Yih , James Glass

Built upon the existing analysis of retrieval heads in large language models, we propose an alternative reranking framework that trains models to estimate passage-query relevance using the attention scores of selected heads. This approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yuqing Li , Jiangnan Li , Mo Yu , Guoxuan Ding , Zheng Lin , Weiping Wang , Jie Zhou

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language model reliability by grounding generated responses in external evidence. However, RAG performance depends on the relevance of retrieved passages, the quality of evidence ranking,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fariba Afrin Irany , Sampson Akwafuo

This paper introduces MIX, a multi-task deep learning approach to solve open-ended question-answering. First, we design our system as a multi-stage pipeline of 3 building blocks: a BM25-based Retriever to reduce the search space, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Sofian Chaybouti , Achraf Saghe , Aymen Shabou

Retrieval question answering (ReQA) is the task of retrieving a sentence-level answer to a question from an open corpus (Ahmad et al.,2019).This paper presents MultiReQA, anew multi-domain ReQA evaluation suite com-posed of eight retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Mandy Guo , Yinfei Yang , Daniel Cer , Qinlan Shen , Noah Constant

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires systems to iteratively retrieve evidence and reason across multiple hops. While recent RAG and agentic methods report strong results, the underlying retrieval--reasoning \emph{process} is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yuelyu Ji , Zhuochun Li , Rui Meng , Daqing He

Large-scale digitization initiatives have unlocked massive collections of historical newspapers, yet effective computational access remains hindered by OCR corruption, multilingual orthographic variation, and temporal language drift. We…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Anthony Mudet , Souhail Bakkali

Retrieve-and-rerank is a popular retrieval pipeline because of its ability to make slow but effective rerankers efficient enough at query time by reducing the number of comparisons. Recent works in neural rerankers take advantage of large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Eugene Yang , Andrew Yates , Kathryn Ricci , Orion Weller , Vivek Chari , Benjamin Van Durme , Dawn Lawrie