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Understanding the generalization behavior of learning algorithms is a central goal of learning theory. A recently emerging explanation is that learning algorithms are successful in practice because they converge to flat minima, which have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Matan Schliserman , Shira Vansover-Hager , Tomer Koren

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has well documented merits in enhancing generalization of deep neural networks, even without sizable data augmentation. Embracing the geometry of the loss function, where neighborhoods of 'flat minima'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) reports improving domain generalization by reducing the loss surface curvature in the parameter space. However, generalization during fine-tuning is often more dependent on the transferability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Tom Sherborne , Naomi Saphra , Pradeep Dasigi , Hao Peng

It is commonly believed that gradient compression in federated learning (FL) enjoys significant improvement in communication efficiency with negligible performance degradation. In this paper, we find that gradient compression induces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yujie Gu , Richeng Jin , Zhaoyang Zhang , Huaiyu Dai

Recently, there has been a surge in interest in developing optimization algorithms for overparameterized models as achieving generalization is believed to require algorithms with suitable biases. This interest centers on minimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Behrooz Tahmasebi , Ashkan Soleymani , Dara Bahri , Stefanie Jegelka , Patrick Jaillet

We consider Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM), a gradient-based optimization method for deep networks that has exhibited performance improvements on image and language prediction problems. We show that when SAM is applied with a convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Peter L. Bartlett , Philip M. Long , Olivier Bousquet

Deep neural networks often suffer from poor generalization due to complex and non-convex loss landscapes. Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is a popular solution that smooths the loss landscape by minimizing the maximized change of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Peng Mi , Li Shen , Tianhe Ren , Yiyi Zhou , Tianshuo Xu , Xiaoshuai Sun , Tongliang Liu , Rongrong Ji , Dacheng Tao

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) was introduced to improve generalization by seeking flat minima, yet it also exhibits robustness to label noise, a phenomenon that remains only partially understood. Prior work has mainly attributed this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hoang-Chau Luong , Quang-Thuc Nguyen , Dat Ba Tran , Minh-Triet Tran

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has recently emerged as a robust technique for improving the accuracy of deep neural networks. However, SAM incurs a high computational cost in practice, requiring up to twice as much computation as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Renkun Ni , Ping-yeh Chiang , Jonas Geiping , Micah Goldblum , Andrew Gordon Wilson , Tom Goldstein

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) encourages flat minima by perturbing parameters along directions of high loss curvature, but treats all parameter directions uniformly, ignoring the underlying loss geometry. We introduce LLQR+SAM, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Simon Dufort-Labbé , Mehrab Hamidi , Razvan Pascanu , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Damien Scieur , Aristide Baratin

Quantization is a promising approach for reducing memory overhead and accelerating inference, especially in large pre-trained language model (PLM) scenarios. While having no access to original training data due to security and privacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Miaoxi Zhu , Qihuang Zhong , Li Shen , Liang Ding , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

The recently proposed optimization algorithm for deep neural networks Sharpness Aware Minimization (SAM) suggests perturbing parameters before gradient calculation by a gradient ascent step to guide the optimization into parameter space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Marlon Becker , Frederick Altrock , Benjamin Risse

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) is known to improve the generalization performance of neural networks. However, it is not widely used in real-world applications yet due to its expensive model perturbation cost. A few variants of SAM have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Sunwoo Lee

The recently proposed Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) improves generalization by minimizing a \textit{perturbed loss} defined as the maximum loss within a neighborhood in the parameter space. However, we show that both sharp and flat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Juntang Zhuang , Boqing Gong , Liangzhe Yuan , Yin Cui , Hartwig Adam , Nicha Dvornek , Sekhar Tatikonda , James Duncan , Ting Liu

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has emerged as a promising approach for effectively reducing the generalization error. However, SAM incurs twice the computational cost compared to base optimizer (e.g., SGD). We propose Asymptotic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Jiaxin Deng , Junbiao Pang , Baochang Zhang

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has recently emerged as an effective technique for improving DNN robustness to input variations. However, its interplay with the compactness requirements of on-device DNN deployments remains less explored.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jialuo He , Huangxun Chen

In multimodal learning, dominant modalities often overshadow others, limiting generalization. We propose Modality-Aware Sharpness-Aware Minimization (M-SAM), a model-agnostic framework that applies to many modalities and supports early and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Hossein R. Nowdeh , Jie Ji , Xiaolong Ma , Fatemeh Afghah

Hybrid modeling, the combination of machine learning models and scientific mathematical models, enables flexible and robust data-driven prediction with partial interpretability. However, effectively the scientific models may be ignored in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Naoya Takeishi

Recent studies on deep neural networks show that flat minima of the loss landscape correlate with improved generalization. Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) efficiently finds flat regions by updating the parameters according to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Albert Kjøller Jacobsen , Georgios Arvanitidis

Modern deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performances but are typically over-parameterized. The over-parameterization may result in undesirably large generalization error in the absence of other customized training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Jiawei Du , Daquan Zhou , Jiashi Feng , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Joey Tianyi Zhou