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The sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) algorithm and its variants, including gap guided SAM (GSAM), have been successful at improving the generalization capability of deep neural network models by finding flat local minima of the empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Hinata Harada , Hideaki Iiduka

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) generalization is known to be closely related to the flatness of minima, leading to the development of Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) for seeking flatter minima and better generalization. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yun Yue , Jiadi Jiang , Zhiling Ye , Ning Gao , Yongchao Liu , Ke Zhang

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has attracted considerable attention for its effectiveness in improving generalization in deep neural network training by explicitly minimizing sharpness in the loss landscape. Its success, however, relies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Sungbin Shin , Dongyeop Lee , Maksym Andriushchenko , Namhoon Lee

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has proven highly effective in improving model generalization in machine learning tasks. However, SAM employs a fixed hyperparameter associated with the regularization to characterize the sharpness of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Jinping Zou , Xiaoge Deng , Tao Sun

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) enhances generalization by reducing a Max-Sharpness (MaxS). Despite the practical success, we empirically found that the MAxS behind SAM's generalization enhancements face the "Flatness Indicator Problem"…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Jiaxin Deng , Junbiao Pang , Baochang Zhang , Qingming Huang

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has received increasing attention in computer vision since it can effectively eliminate the sharp local minima from the training trajectory and mitigate generalization degradation. However, SAM requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yili Wang , Kaixiong Zhou , Ninghao Liu , Ying Wang , Xin Wang

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is an optimization method that improves generalization performance of machine learning models. Despite its superior generalization, SAM has not been actively used in real-world applications due to its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Junhyuk Jo , Jihyun Lim , Sunwoo Lee

Model compression by way of parameter pruning, quantization, or distillation has recently gained popularity as an approach for reducing the computational requirements of modern deep neural network models for NLP. Inspired by prior works…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Clara Na , Sanket Vaibhav Mehta , Emma Strubell

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) is a recently proposed method that minimizes the sharpness of the training loss of a neural network. While its generalization improvement is well-known and is the primary motivation, we uncover an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Maksym Andriushchenko , Dara Bahri , Hossein Mobahi , Nicolas Flammarion

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) was recently introduced as a regularization procedure for training deep neural networks. It simultaneously minimizes the fitness (or loss) function and the so-called fitness sharpness. The latter serves as…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Illya Bakurov , Nathan Haut , Wolfgang Banzhaf

Despite attaining high empirical generalization, the sharpness of models trained with sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) do not always correlate with generalization error. Instead of viewing SAM as minimizing sharpness to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Ankit Vani , Frederick Tung , Gabriel L. Oliveira , Hossein Sharifi-Noghabi

Generalization remains a critical challenge in speech deepfake detection (SDD). While various approaches aim to improve robustness, generalization is typically assessed through performance metrics like equal error rate without a theoretical…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Wen Huang , Xuechen Liu , Xin Wang , Junichi Yamagishi , Yanmin Qian

Pretraining optimizers are tuned to produce the strongest possible base model, on the assumption that a stronger starting point yields a stronger model after subsequent changes like post-training and quantization. This overlooks the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ishaan Watts , Catherine Li , Sachin Goyal , Jacob Mitchell Springer , Aditi Raghunathan

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) improves generalization of various deep learning tasks. Motivated by popular architectures such as LoRA, we explore the implicit regularization of SAM for scale-invariant problems involving two groups of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Bingcong Li , Liang Zhang , Niao He

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has been instrumental in improving deep neural network training by minimizing both the training loss and the sharpness of the loss landscape, leading the model into flatter minima that are associated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Van-Anh Nguyen , Quyen Tran , Tuan Truong , Thanh-Toan Do , Dinh Phung , Trung Le

Targeting solutions over `flat' regions of the loss landscape, sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has emerged as a powerful tool to improve generalizability of deep neural network based learning. While several SAM variants have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) improves generalization by minimizing the worst-case loss within a fixed parameter-space radius neighborhood. SAM and its variants mainly rely on a first-order linearized surrogate, while flat minima are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jinping Wang , Qinhan Liu , Zhiwu Xie , Zhiqiang Gao

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is an effective method for improving generalization ability by regularizing loss sharpness. In this paper, we explore SAM in the context of adversarial robustness. We find that using only SAM can achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Zeming Wei , Jingyu Zhu , Yihao Zhang

Little research explores the correlation between the expressive ability and generalization ability of the low-rank adaptation (LoRA). Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) improves model generalization for both Convolutional Neural Networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jiaxin Deng , Qingcheng Zhu , Junbiao Pang , Linlin Yang , Zhongqian Fu , Baochang Zhang

Recently, flat minima are proven to be effective for improving generalization and sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) achieves state-of-the-art performance. Yet the current definition of flatness discussed in SAM and its follow-ups are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Xingxuan Zhang , Renzhe Xu , Han Yu , Hao Zou , Peng Cui