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Quantum computers have the potential to revolutionize diverse fields, including quantum chemistry, materials science, and machine learning. However, contemporary quantum computers experience errors that often cause quantum programs run on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 Daniel Hothem , Ashe Miller , Timothy Proctor

Quantum machine learning, which involves running machine learning algorithms on quantum devices, has garnered significant attention in both academic and business circles. In this paper, we offer a comprehensive and unbiased review of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-21 Yunfei Wang , Junyu Liu

Quantum systems are inherently open and susceptible to environmental noise, which can have both detrimental and beneficial effects on their dynamics. This phenomenon has been observed in bio-molecular systems, where noise enables novel…

Reducing errors is critical to the application of modern quantum computers. In the current Letter, we investigate the quantum error mitigation considering parametric circuits accessible by classical computations in some range of their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 Vasily Sazonov , Mohamed Tamaazousti

NISQ (Noisy, Intermediate-Scale Quantum) computing requires error mitigation to achieve meaningful computation. Our compilation tool development focuses on the fact that the error rates of individual qubits are not equal, with a goal of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-04 Shin Nishio , Yulu Pan , Takahiko Satoh , Hideharu Amano , Rodney Van Meter

I assess the potential of quantum computation. Broad and important applications must be found to justify construction of a quantum computer; I review some of the known quantum algorithms and consider the prospects for finding new ones.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 John Preskill

Quantum computing has tremendous potential to overcome some of the fundamental limitations present in classical information processing. Yet, today's technological limitations in the quality and scaling prevent exploiting its full potential.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-23 Leonid Abdurakhimov , Janos Adam , Hasnain Ahmad , Olli Ahonen , Manuel Algaba , Guillermo Alonso , Ville Bergholm , Rohit Beriwal , Matthias Beuerle , Clinton Bockstiegel , Alessio Calzona , Chun Fai Chan , Daniele Cucurachi , Saga Dahl , Rakhim Davletkaliyev , Olexiy Fedorets , Alejandro Gomez Frieiro , Zheming Gao , Johan Guldmyr , Andrew Guthrie , Juha Hassel , Hermanni Heimonen , Johannes Heinsoo , Tuukka Hiltunen , Keiran Holland , Juho Hotari , Hao Hsu , Antti Huhtala , Eric Hyyppä , Aleksi Hämäläinen , Joni Ikonen , Sinan Inel , David Janzso , Teemu Jaakkola , Mate Jenei , Shan Jolin , Kristinn Juliusson , Jaakko Jussila , Shabeeb Khalid , Seung-Goo Kim , Miikka Koistinen , Roope Kokkoniemi , Anton Komlev , Caspar Ockeloen-Korppi , Otto Koskinen , Janne Kotilahti , Toivo Kuisma , Vladimir Kukushkin , Kari Kumpulainen , Ilari Kuronen , Joonas Kylmälä , Niclas Lamponen , Julia Lamprich , Alessandro Landra , Martin Leib , Tianyi Li , Per Liebermann , Aleksi Lintunen , Wei Liu , Jürgen Luus , Fabian Marxer , Arianne Meijer-van de Griend , Kunal Mitra , Jalil Khatibi Moqadam , Jakub Mrożek , Henrikki Mäkynen , Janne Mäntylä , Tiina Naaranoja , Francesco Nappi , Janne Niemi , Lucas Ortega , Mario Palma , Miha Papič , Matti Partanen , Jari Penttilä , Alexander Plyushch , Wei Qiu , Aniket Rath , Kari Repo , Tomi Riipinen , Jussi Ritvas , Pedro Figueroa Romero , Jarkko Ruoho , Jukka Räbinä , Sampo Saarinen , Indrajeet Sagar , Hayk Sargsyan , Matthew Sarsby , Niko Savola , Mykhailo Savytskyi , Ville Selinmaa , Pavel Smirnov , Marco Marín Suárez , Linus Sundström , Sandra Słupińska , Eelis Takala , Ivan Takmakov , Brian Tarasinski , Manish Thapa , Jukka Tiainen , Francesca Tosto , Jani Tuorila , Carlos Valenzuela , David Vasey , Edwin Vehmaanperä , Antti Vepsäläinen , Aapo Vienamo , Panu Vesanen , Alpo Välimaa , Jaap Wesdorp , Nicola Wurz , Elisabeth Wybo , Lily Yang , Ali Yurtalan

Current approaches to fault-tolerant quantum computation will not enable useful quantum computation on near-term devices of 50 to 100 qubits. Leading proposals, such as the color code and surface code schemes, must devote a large fraction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 Peter D. Johnson , Jonathan Romero , Jonathan Olson , Yudong Cao , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Quantum computing, which has the power to accelerate many computing applications, is currently a technology under development. As a result, the existing noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers suffer from different hardware noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Yuqian Huo , Daniel Leeds , Jason Ludmir , Nicholas S. DiBrita , Tirthak Patel

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers could solve quantum-mechanical simulation problems that are beyond the capabilities of classical computers. However, NISQ devices experience significant errors which, if not corrected, can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-04 Ashley Montanaro , Stasja Stanisic

High-performance computing systems are rapidly evolving into heterogeneous platforms that fuse quantum accelerators with traditional classical processing units (CPUs) and graphical processing units (GPUs). This convergence calls for…

The main ideas of quantum error correction are introduced. These are encoding, extraction of syndromes, error operators, and code construction. It is shown that general noise and relaxation of a set of 2-state quantum systems can always be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. M. Steane

Recent advancements in quantum computing software are gradually increasing the scope and size of quantum programs being developed. At the same time, however, these larger programs provide more possibilities for functional errors that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-18 Damian Rovara , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

When quantum programs are executed on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers, they experience hardware noise; consequently, the program outputs are often erroneous. To mitigate the adverse effects of hardware noise, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Tirthak Patel , Daniel Silver , Devesh Tiwari

Proposals for quantum computing devices are many and varied. They each have unique noise processes that make none of them fully reliable at this time. There are several error correction/avoidance techniques which are valuable for reducing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Mark S. Byrd , Daniel A. Lidar

Noise and imperfections are among the prevalent challenges in quantum software engineering for current NISQ systems. They will remain important in the post-NISQ area, as logical, error-corrected qubits will be based on software mechanisms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Stefan Raimund Maschek , Jürgen Schwitalla , Maja Franz , Wolfgang Mauerer

Quantum error correction is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, most typical quantum error-correcting codes are designed for generic noise models, which may fail to accurately capture the intricate noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Yuguo Shao , Yong-Chang Li , Fuchuan Wei , Hao Zhan , Ben Wang , Zhaohui Wei , Lijian Zhang , Zhengwei Liu

Noisy, intermediate-scale quantum computers come with intrinsic limitations in terms of the number of qubits (circuit "width") and decoherence time (circuit "depth") they can have. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate a recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-02 Thomas Ayral , François-Marie Le Régent , Zain Saleem , Yuri Alexeev , Martin Suchara

The emergence of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers has important consequences for cryptographic algorithms. It is theoretically well-established that key algorithms used in cybersecurity are vulnerable to quantum computers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Sahay Harshvardhan , Sanil Jain , James E. McClure , Caleb McIrvin , Ngoc Quy Tran

We propose a new method for evaluating NISQ devices. This paper has three distinct parts. First, we present a new quantum algorithm that solves a two hundred year old problem of finding quadratic nonresidues (QNR) in polynomial time. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-03 Thomas G. Draper