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The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna is a joint ESA-NASA space-mission to detect and study mHz cosmic gravitational waves. The trajectories followed by its three spacecraft result in unequal- and time-varying arms, requiring use of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-29 Massimo Tinto , Olaf Hartwig

Spaceborne gravitational-wave observatories utilize a postprocessing technique known as time-delay interferometry (TDI) to reduce the otherwise overwhelming laser frequency noise by around 8 orders of magnitude. While, in its traditional…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-11 Kohei Yamamoto , Jan Niklas Reinhardt , Olaf Hartwig

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is essential for space-based gravitational wave (GW) missions to effectively suppress laser frequency noise and achieve targeting sensitivity. The principle of the TDI is to synthesize multiple laser link…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-05 Gang Wang

Space-based gravitational-wave observatories such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) use time-shifted and time-scaled linear combinations of differential laser-phase beat signals to cancel the otherwise overwhelming laser…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-30 Shawn J. Mitryk , Josep Sanjuan , Guido Mueller

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) suppresses laser frequency noise by forming linear combinations of time-shifted interferometric measurements. The time-shift operation is implemented by interpolating discretely sampled data. To enable…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-16 Martin Staab , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig , Aurélien Hees , Marc Lilley , Graham Woan , Peter Wolf

In the context of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), the laser subsystems exhibit frequency fluctuations that introduce significant levels of noise into the measurements, surpassing the gravitational wave signal by several…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-01-15 Philipp Euringer , Niklas Houba , Gerald Hechenblaikner , Oliver Mandel , Francis Soualle , Walter Fichter

Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) is the data processing technique that cancels the large laser phase fluctuations affecting the one-way Doppler measurements made by unequal-arm space-based gravitational wave interferometers. By taking finite…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-11 Sanjeev Dhurandhar , Prasanna Joshi , Massimo Tinto

In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for LISA - a joint space mission of the ESA and NASA- the laser frequency noise must be suppressed below the secondary noises such as the optical path noise, acceleration noise etc. By combining…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 S. V. Dhurandhar , K. Rajesh Nayak , J-Y. Vinet

Space-borne interferometric gravitational-wave detectors, sensitive in the low-frequency (mHz) band, will fly in the next decade. In these detectors, the spacecraft-to-spacecraft light-travel times will necessarily be unequal and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Massimo Tinto , Michele Vallisneri , J. W. Armstrong

The LISA mission will likely be a signal dominated detector, such that one challenge is the separation of the different astrophysical sources, and to distinguish between them and the instrumental noise. One of the goals of LISA is to probe…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-19 Martina Muratore , Daniele Vetrugno , Stefano Vitale , Olaf Hartwig

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a processing step essential for the scientific exploitation of LISA, as it reduces the otherwise overwhelming laser noise in the interferometric measurements. The fundamental idea is to define new…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-09 Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Michele Vallisneri , Stanislav Babak , Antoine Petiteau

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a crucial step in the on-ground data processing pipeline of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), as it reduces otherwise overwhelming laser noise and allows for the detection of gravitational…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-22 Martin Staab , Marc Lilley , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig

With the purpose of understanding how time delay interferometry (TDI) combinations can best be used for the characterisation of LISA instrumental noise, we revisit their laser frequency noise cancellation properties. We have developed an…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-17 Martina Muratore , Daniele Vetrugno , Stefano Vitale

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), an ESA L-class mission, is designed to detect gravitational waves in the millihertz frequency band, with operations expected to begin in the next decade. LISA will enable studies of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-31 Niklas Houba , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Michele Vallisneri

LISA is a joint space mission of the ESA and NASA for detecting low frequency gravitational radiation in the band $10^{-5} - 1$ Hz. In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for LISA, the laser frequency noise must be suppressed below…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-13 S. V. Dhurandhar

Space-borne interferometric gravitational wave detectors, sensitive in the low-frequency (millihertz) band, will fly in the next decade. In these detectors the spacecraft-to-spacecraft light-travel-times will necessarily be unequal,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Massimo Tinto , Frank B. Estabrook , adn J. W. Armstrong

TianQin is a proposed geocentric space-based gravitational wave observatory mission, which requires time-delay interferometry (TDI) to cancel laser frequency noise. With high demands for precision, solar-wind plasma environment at $\sim…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-26 Yi-De Jing , Lu Zheng , Shutao Yang , Xuefeng Zhang , Lingfeng Lu , Binbin Tang , Wei Su

The LISA mission is the future space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory of the European Space Agency. It is formed by 3 spacecraft exchanging laser beams in order to form multiple real and virtual interferometers. The data streams to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-30 Dam Quang Nam , Yves Lemiere , Antoine Petiteau , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig , Joseph Martino , Martin Staab

The time delay interferometry (TDI) is an algorithm proposed to suppress the laser frequency noise in space-borne gravitational wave detectors. As a post-processing technique, it is implemented by constructing a virtual equal arm…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-20 Pan-Pan Wang , Wei-Liang Qian , Yu-Jie Tan , Han-Zhong Wu , Cheng-Gang Shao

LISA is an upcoming ESA mission that will detect gravitational waves in space by interferometrically measuring the separation between free-falling test masses at picometer precision. To reach the desired performance, LISA will employ the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-23 Lennart Wissel , Olaf Hartwig , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Martin Staab , Ewan D. Fitzsimons , Martin Hewitson , Gerhard Heinzel