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We show new lower bounds on the sample complexity of $(\varepsilon, \delta)$-differentially private algorithms that accurately answer large sets of counting queries. A counting query on a database $D \in (\{0,1\}^d)^n$ has the form "What…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-25 Mark Bun , Jonathan Ullman , Salil Vadhan

Concern about how to aggregate sensitive user data without compromising individual privacy is a major barrier to greater availability of data. The model of differential privacy has emerged as an accepted model to release sensitive…

Databases · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Graham Cormode , Tejas Kulkarni , Divesh Srivastava

This work studies formal utility and privacy guarantees for a simple multiplicative database transformation, where the data are compressed by a random linear or affine transformation, reducing the number of data records substantially, while…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-01-13 Shuheng Zhou , Katrina Ligett , Larry Wasserman

We propose the notion of empirical privacy variance and study it in the context of differentially private fine-tuning of language models. Specifically, we show that models calibrated to the same $(\varepsilon, \delta)$-DP guarantee using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yuzheng Hu , Fan Wu , Ruicheng Xian , Yuhang Liu , Lydia Zakynthinou , Pritish Kamath , Chiyuan Zhang , David Forsyth

Differential Privacy (DP) has emerged as a pivotal approach for safeguarding individual privacy in data analysis, yet its practical adoption is often hindered by challenges in the implementation and communication of DP. This paper presents…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Onyinye Dibia , Prianka Bhattacharjee , Brad Stenger , Steven Baldasty , Mako Bates , Ivoline C. Ngong , Yuanyuan Feng , Joseph P. Near

Differential privacy (DP) allows the quantification of privacy loss when the data of individuals is subjected to algorithmic processing such as machine learning, as well as the provision of objective privacy guarantees. However, while…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Tamara T. Mueller , Alexander Ziller , Dmitrii Usynin , Moritz Knolle , Friederike Jungmann , Daniel Rueckert , Georgios Kaissis

Using real-world study data usually requires contractual agreements where research results may only be published in anonymized form. Requiring formal privacy guarantees, such as differential privacy, could be helpful for data-driven…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jonas Allmann , Saskia Nuñez von Voigt , Florian Tschorsch

Data privacy is an important concern in learning, when datasets contain sensitive information about individuals. This paper considers consensus-based distributed optimization under data privacy constraints. Consensus-based optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Mehrdad Showkatbakhsh , Can Karakus , Suhas Diggavi

Differential privacy is a de facto standard in data privacy, with applications in the public and private sectors. A way to explain differential privacy, which is particularly appealing to statistician and social scientists is by means of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Borja Balle , Gilles Barthe , Marco Gaboardi , Justin Hsu , Tetsuya Sato

Differential privacy (DP) has become the de facto standard for protecting sensitive data, providing strong guarantees that published statistics or models reveal limited information about any individual. However, privacy noise and restricted…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Mariia Vologdin , Yuchao Tao , Amir Gilad

In this manuscript, we provide a set of tools (in terms of semidefinite programs) to synthesize Gaussian mechanisms to maximize privacy of databases. Information about the database is disclosed through queries requested by (potentially)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-30 Haleh Hayati , Carlos Murguia , Nathan van de Wouw

Differential privacy (DP) has arisen as the gold standard in protecting an individual's privacy in datasets by adding calibrated noise to each data sample. While the application to categorical data is straightforward, its usability in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Malte Tölle , Ullrich Köthe , Florian André , Benjamin Meder , Sandy Engelhardt

Differential privacy is a mathematical framework for privacy-preserving data analysis. Changing the hyperparameters of a differentially private algorithm allows one to trade off privacy and utility in a principled way. Quantifying this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-23 Brendan Avent , Javier Gonzalez , Tom Diethe , Andrei Paleyes , Borja Balle

Recent research in differential privacy demonstrated that (sub)sampling can amplify the level of protection. For example, for $\epsilon$-differential privacy and simple random sampling with sampling rate $r$, the actual privacy guarantee is…

Applications · Statistics 2022-02-22 Jingchen Hu , Joerg Drechsler , Hang J. Kim

Many data applications have certain invariant constraints due to practical needs. Data curators who employ differential privacy need to respect such constraints on the sanitized data product as a primary utility requirement. Invariants…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Jie Gao , Ruobin Gong , Fang-Yi Yu

Current practices for reporting the level of differential privacy (DP) protection for machine learning (ML) algorithms such as DP-SGD provide an incomplete and potentially misleading picture of the privacy guarantees. For instance, if only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Juan Felipe Gomez , Bogdan Kulynych , Georgios Kaissis , Flavio P. Calmon , Jamie Hayes , Borja Balle , Antti Honkela

We develop differentially private hypothesis testing methods for the small sample regime. Given a sample $\cal D$ from a categorical distribution $p$ over some domain $\Sigma$, an explicitly described distribution $q$ over $\Sigma$, some…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-06-08 Bryan Cai , Constantinos Daskalakis , Gautam Kamath

With the rapid growth of digital platforms, there is increasing apprehension about how personal data is collected, stored, and used by various entities. These concerns arise from the increasing frequency of data breaches, cyber-attacks, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Christopher C. Zawacki , Eyad H. Abed

Differential privacy (DP) is a widely used notion for reasoning about privacy when publishing aggregate data. In this paper, we observe that certain DP mechanisms are amenable to a posteriori privacy analysis that exploits the fact that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Valentin Hartmann , Vincent Bindschaedler , Alexander Bentkamp , Robert West

A commonly used method to protect user privacy in data collection is to perform randomized perturbation on user's real data before collection so that aggregated statistics can still be inferred without endangering secrets held by…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Aria Rezaei , Jie Gao