Related papers: Virtual Knot Groups
Defined by Joyce and Matveev, the fundamental quandle is a complete invariant of oriented classical knots. We consider invariants of knots defined from quotients of the fundamental quandle. In particular, we introduce the fundamental Latin…
A virtual knot, which is one of generalizations of knots in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ (or $S^{3}$), is, roughly speaking, an embedded circle in thickened surface $S_{g} \times I$. In this paper we will discuss about knots in 3 dimensional $S_{g}…
We suggest a categorification procedure for the SO(2N) one-variable specialization of the two-variable Kauffman polynomial. The construction has many similarities with the HOMFLYPT categorification: a planar graph formula for the polynomial…
In this paper we study some aspects of knots and links in lens spaces. Namely, if we consider lens spaces as quotient of the unit ball $B^{3}$ with suitable identification of boundary points, then we can project the links on the equatorial…
We generalize the $F_K$ invariant, i.e. $\widehat{Z}$ for the complement of a knot $K$ in the 3-sphere, the knots-quivers correspondence, and $A$-polynomials of knots, and find several interconnections between them. We associate an $F_K$…
We define a knot/link invariant using set theoretical solutions $(X,\sigma)$ of the Yang-Baxter equation and non commutative 2-cocycles. We also define, for a given $(X,\sigma)$, a universal group Unc(X) governing all 2-cocycles in $X$, and…
Any knot diagram can be transformed into the unknot by a series of unknotting operations. This paper introduces the diagonal move, a novel unknotting operation that generalizes and unifies several existing moves. We prove that the diagonal…
We use planar 4-valent graphs and a graphical calculus involving such graphs to construct an invariant for balanced-oriented, knotted 4-valent graphs. Our invariant is an extension of the $sl(n)$ polynomial for classical knots and links. We…
We generalise the concept of a Steinberg cross-section to non-connected Kac-Moody group. As in the connected case, which was treated by G. Br\"uchert, a quotient map w.r.t the conjugacy action exists only on a certain submonoid of the…
We define invariants of unoriented knots and links by enhancing the integral kei counting invariant Phi_X^Z (K) for a finite kei X using representations of the kei algebra, Z_K[X], a quotient of the quandle algebra Z[X] defined by…
Knots have a twisted history in quantum physics. They were abandoned as failed models of atoms. Only much later was the connection between knot invariants and Wilson loops in topological quantum field theory discovered. Here we show that…
The aim of this paper is to introduce a polynomial invariant $f_K(t)$ for virtual knots. We show that $f_K(t)$ can be used to distinguish some virtual knot from its inverse and mirror image. The behavior of $f_K(t)$ under connected sum is…
A determinant in algebraic $K$-theory is associated to any two almost commuting Fredholm operators. On the other hand, one can calculate a homologically defined invariant known as joint torsion. We answer in the affirmative a conjecture of…
In the present paper, we develop a picture formalism which gives rise to an invariant that dominates several known invariants of classical and virtual knots: the Jones polynomial, the Kuperberg bracket, and the normalised arrow polynomial.
In 2014 Andrey Perfiliev introduced the so-called electric invariant for non-oriented knots. This invariant was motivated by using Kirchhoff's laws for the dual graph of the knot diagram. Later, in 2020, Anastasiya Galkina generalised this…
Let K be a an alternating prime knot in the 3-sphere. We investigate the category of flypes between reduced alternating diagrams for K. As a consequence, we show that any odd prime order action on K is isotopic through maps of pairs to a…
This paper proposes the definition of a quantum knot as a linear superposition of classical knots in three dimensional space. The definition is constructed and examples are discussed. Then the paper details extensions and also limitations…
It is known that the fundamental group homomorphism $\pi_1(T^2) \to \pi_1(S^3\setminus K)$ induced by the inclusion of the boundary torus into the complement of a knot $K$ in $S^3$ is a complete knot invariant. Many classical invariants of…
We introduce an algebraic structure we call semiquandles whose axioms are derived from flat Reidemeister moves. Finite semiquandles have associated counting invariants and enhanced invariants defined for flat virtual knots and links. We…
Virtual braids are a combinatorial generalization of braids. We present abstract braids as equivalence classes of braid diagrams on a surface, joining two distinguished boundary components. They are identified up to isotopy, compatibility,…