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The globalization of the electronics supply chain requires effective methods to thwart reverse engineering and IP theft. Logic locking is a promising solution, but there are many open concerns. First, even when applied at a higher level of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Christian Pilato , Luca Collini , Luca Cassano , Donatella Sciuto , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri

This paper introduces ObfusQate, a novel tool that conducts obfuscations using quantum primitives to enhance the security of both classical and quantum programs. We have designed and implemented two primary categories of obfuscations:…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Nikhil Bartake , See Toh Zi Jie , Carmen Wong Jiawen , Michael Kasper , Vivek Balachandran

Approximate circuits often achieve exceptional trade-offs between computational accuracy and hardware efficiency, making them attractive for deployment as reusable Intellectual Property (IP) cores. However, safeguarding such circuits…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lukas Sekanina , Vojtech Mrazek

FeFETs hold strong potential for advancing memory and logic technologies, but their inherent randomness arising from both operational cycling and fabrication variability poses significant challenges for accurate and reliable modeling.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Tasnia Nobi Afee , Jack Hutchins , Md Mazharul Islam , Thomas Kampfe , Ahmedullah Aziz

Software deobfuscation is a crucial activity in security analysis and especially, in malware analysis. While standard static and dynamic approaches suffer from well-known shortcomings, Dynamic Symbolic Execution (DSE) has recently been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-20 Robin David , Sébastien Bardin , Jean-Yves Marion

We introduce a new approach to computation on encrypted data -- Encrypted Operator Computing (EOC) -- as an alternative to Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). Given a plaintext vector $|{x}\rangle$, $x\in \{0,1\}^n$, and a function $F(x)$…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Claudio Chamon , Jonathan Jakes-Schauer , Eduardo R. Mucciolo , Andrei E. Ruckenstein

Since hardware oftentimes serves as the root of trust in our modern interconnected world, malicious hardware manipulations constitute a ubiquitous threat in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). Hardware reverse engineering is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Sebastian Wallat , Nils Albartus , Steffen Becker , Max Hoffmann , Maik Ender , Marc Fyrbiak , Adrian Drees , Sebastian Maaßen , Christof Paar

Firmware serves as the critical interface between hardware and software in computing systems, making any bugs or vulnerabilities particularly dangerous as they can cause catastrophic system failures. While fuzzing is a promising approach…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Dakshina Tharindu , Aruna Jayasena , Prabhat Mishra

This paper presents \textit{OFHE}, an electro-optical accelerator designed to process Discretized TFHE (DTFHE) operations, which encrypt multi-bit messages and support homomorphic multiplications, lookup table operations and full-domain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Mengxin Zheng , Cheng Chu , Qian Lou , Nathan Youngblood , Mo Li , Sajjad Moazeni , Lei Jiang

Software obfuscation techniques can prevent binary diffing techniques from locating vulnerable code by obfuscating the third-party code, to achieve the purpose of protecting embedded device software. With the rapid development of binary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Peihua Zhang , Chenggang Wu , Mingfan Peng , Kai Zeng , Ding Yu , Yuanming Lai , Yan Kang , Wei Wang , Zhe Wang

Ternary content addressable memory (TCAM), widely used in network routers and high-associativity caches, is gaining popularity in machine learning and data-analytic applications. Ferroelectric FETs (FeFETs) are a promising candidate for…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Liu Liu , Shubham Kumar , Simon Thomann , Yogesh Singh Chauhan , Hussam Amrouch , Xiaobo Sharon Hu

Classic hardware verification techniques (e.g., X-propagation and fault-propagation) and more recent hardware security verification techniques based on information flow tracking (IFT) aim to understand how information passes, affects, and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Jeremy Blackstone , Wei Hu , Alric Althoff , Armaiti Ardeshiricham , Lu Zhang , Ryan Kastner

Frequency multipliers, a class of essential electronic components, play a pivotal role in contemporary signal processing and communication systems. They serve as crucial building blocks for generating high-frequency signals by multiplying…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Haotian Xu , Jianyi Yang , Cheng Zhuo , Thomas Kämpfe , Kai Ni , Xunzhao Yin

To counter software reverse engineering or tampering, software obfuscation tools can be used. However, such tools to a large degree hard-code how the obfuscations are deployed. They hence lack resilience and stealth in the face of many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Jens Van den Broeck , Bart Coppens , Bjorn De Sutter

In the recent years, heterogeneous machine learning accelerators have become of significant interest in science, engineering and industry. The major processing speed bottlenecks in these platforms come from (a) an electronic data…

Optics · Physics 2022-08-25 Maria Solyanik-Gorgone , Behrouz Movahhed , Volker J Sorger

We introduce a protection-based IP security scheme to protect soft and firm IP cores which are used on FPGA devices. The scheme is based on Finite State Machin (FSM) obfuscation and exploits Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) for FPGA…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Farzane Khajuyi , Behnam Ghavami , Human Nikmehr

Forget and Rewire (FaR) methodology has demonstrated strong resilience against Bit-Flip Attacks (BFAs) on Transformer-based models by obfuscating critical parameters through dynamic rewiring of linear layers. However, the application of FaR…

Logic locking remains one of the most promising defenses against hardware piracy, yet current approaches often face challenges in scalability and design overhead. In this paper, we present TLGLock, a new design paradigm that leverages the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Abdullah Sahruri , Martin Margala

While logic locking has been extensively studied as a countermeasure against integrated circuit (IC) supply chain threats, recent research has shifted toward reconfigurable-based redaction techniques, e.g., LUT- and eFPGA-based schemes.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Voktho Das , Kimia Azar , Hadi Kamali

The use of third-party IP cores in implementing applications in FPGAs has given rise to the threat of malicious alterations through the insertion of hardware Trojans. To address this threat, it is important to predict the way hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Ash Luft , Mihai Sima , Michael McGuire