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A novel time synchronization attack (TSA) on wide area monitoring systems in smart grid has been identified in the first part of this paper. A cross layer detection mechanism is proposed to combat TSA in part II of this paper. In the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-04-03 Zhenghao Zhang , Matthew Trinkle , Aleksandar D. Dimitrovski , Husheng Li

Sensors called phasor measurement units (PMUs) are used to monitor the electric power network. The power domination problem seeks to minimize the number of PMUs needed to monitor the network. We extend the power domination problem and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-13 Beth Bjorkman , Esther Conrad , Mary Flagg

It is well-known that GPS is vulnerable to signal spoofing attacks. Although several spoofing detection techniques exist, they are incapable of mitigation and recovery from stealthy attackers. In this work, we present SemperFi, a single…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Harshad Sathaye , Gerald LaMountain , Pau Closas , Aanjhan Ranganathan

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are used in the measurement, control and protection of power grids. However, deploying PMUs at every bus in a power system is prohibitively expensive, necessitating partial PMU placement that can ensure…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-19 Sajjad Maleki , Subhash Lakshminarayana , E. Veronica Belmega , Carsten Maple

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) have the advantage of providing direct measurements of power states. However, as the number of PMUs in a power system is limited, the traditional supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system cannot…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Jian Du , Shaodan Ma , Yik-Chung Wu , H. Vincent Poor

In modern power systems, the Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency (ROCOF) may be largely employed in Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) applications. However, a standard approach towards ROCOF measurements is still missing. In…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-22 Guglielmo Frigo , Asja Derviskadic , Yihui Zuo , Mario Paolone

The impact of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) for providing situational awareness to transmission system operators has been widely documented. Micro-PMUs ($\mu$PMUs) are an emerging sensing technology that can provide similar benefits to…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-10-05 Mahdi Jamei , Anna Scaglione , Ciaran Roberts , Emma Stewart , Sean Peisert , Chuck McParland , Alex McEachern

Physical security of power networks under power injection attacks that alter generation and loads is studied. The system operator employs Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) for detecting such attacks, while attackers devise attacks that are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-20 Yue Zhao , Andrea Goldsmith , H. Vincent Poor

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) provide a high-resolution view of the power system at the locations where they are placed. As such, it is desirable to place them in bulk in low voltage distribution circuits. However, the power consumption…

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on the Global Positioning System (GPS) or Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for precise (Positioning, Navigation, and Timing) PNT solutions. However, the vulnerability of GPS signals to intentional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Sagar Dasgupta , Abdullah Ahmed , Mizanur Rahman , Thejesh N. Bandi

Accurate localization is essential for enabling modern full self-driving services. These services heavily rely on map-based traffic information to reduce uncertainties in recognizing lane shapes, traffic light locations, and traffic signs.…

Position sensors, such as the gyroscope, the magnetometer and the accelerometer, are found in a staggering variety of devices, from smartphones and UAVs to autonomous robots. Several works have shown how adversaries can mount spoofing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Kevin Sam Tharayil , Benyamin Farshteindiker , Shaked Eyal , Nir Hasidim , Roy Hershkovitz , Shani Houri , Ilia Yoffe , Michal Oren , Yossi Oren

We propose an extension to the so-called PD detector. The PD detector jointly monitors received power and correlation profile distortion to detect the presence of GNSS carry-off-type spoofing, jamming, or multipath. We show that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-06-21 Jason N. Gross , Cagri Kilic , Todd E. Humphreys

Integration of intermittent renewable energy sources in modern power systems is increasing very fast. Replacement of synchronous generators with zero-to-low variable renewables substantially decreases the system inertia. In a large system,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-23 Mingjian Tuo , Xingpeng Li

The use of phasor angle measurements provided by phasor measurement units (PMUs) in fault detection is regarded as a promising method in identifying locations of power line outages. However, communication errors or system malfunctions may…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Wen-Tai Li , Chao-Kai Wen , Jung-Chieh Chen , Kai-Kit Wong , Jen-Hao Teng , Chau Yuen

Power domination is a graph theoretic model which captures how phasor measurement units (PMUs) can be used to monitor a power grid. Fragile power domination takes into account the fact that PMUs may break or otherwise fail. In this model,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Beth Bjorkman , Sean English , Johnathan Koch , Amanda Verga

Fast dynamics and transient events are becoming more and more frequent in power systems, due to the high penetration of renewable energy sources and the consequent lack of inertia. In this scenario, Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-01 Guglielmo Frigo , Paolo Attilio Pegoraro , Sergio Toscani

GNSS are indispensable for various applications, but they are vulnerable to spoofing attacks. The original receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) was not designed for securing GNSS. In this context, RAIM was extended with wireless…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Wenjie Liu , Panos Papadimitratos

The problem of imbalance detection in a three-phase power system using a phasor measurement unit (PMU) is considered. A general model for the zero, positive, and negative sequences from a PMU measurement at off-nominal frequencies is…

Applications · Statistics 2016-11-18 Tirza Routtenberg , Yao Xie , Rebecca M. Willett , Lang Tong

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) convert high-speed waveform data into low-speed phasor data, which are fundamental to wide-area monitoring and control in power systems, with oscillation detection and localization among their most prominent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Bowen Ou , Bin Wang , Slava Maslennikov , Hanchao Liu , Jim Follum