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When using machine learning techniques in decision-making processes, the interpretability of the models is important. In the present paper, we adopted the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP), which is based on fair profit allocation among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Yasunobu Nohara , Koutarou Matsumoto , Hidehisa Soejima , Naoki Nakashima

Objective: Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) is a popular post-hoc technique for explaining black box models. While the impact of data imbalance on predictive models has been extensively studied, it remains largely unknown with respect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Mingxuan Liu , Yilin Ning , Han Yuan , Marcus Eng Hock Ong , Nan Liu

eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods have emerged to convert the black box of machine learning (ML) models into a more digestible form. These methods help to communicate how the model works with the aim of making ML models more…

In this work, we apply and compare two state-of-the-art eXplainability Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods, the Integrated Gradients (IG) and the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), that explain the fault diagnosis decisions of a highly…

Understanding predictions made by Machine Learning models is critical in many applications. In this work, we investigate the performance of two methods for explaining tree-based models- Tree Interpreter (TI) and SHapley Additive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Pulkit Sharma , Shezan Rohinton Mirzan , Apurva Bhandari , Anish Pimpley , Abhiram Eswaran , Soundar Srinivasan , Liqun Shao

A high-velocity paradigm shift towards Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged in recent years. Highly complex Machine Learning (ML) models have flourished in many tasks of intelligence, and the questions have started to shift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jacob Dineen , Don Kridel , Daniel Dolk , David Castillo

Transparency of Machine Learning models used for decision support in various industries becomes essential for ensuring their ethical use. To that end, feature attribution methods such as SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) are widely used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Anna Bogdanova , Akira Imakura , Tetsuya Sakurai , Tomoya Fujii , Teppei Sakamoto , Hiroyuki Abe

An important technique to explore a black-box machine learning (ML) model is called SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation). SHAP values decompose predictions into contributions of the features in a fair way. We will show that for a boosted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-01 Michael Mayer

With the growing concern for air quality and its impact on human health, interest in environmental gas monitoring has increased. However, chemi-resistive gas sensing devices are plagued by issues of sensor reproducibility during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Sarah Seifi , Sebastian A. Schober , Cecilia Carbonelli , Lorenzo Servadei , Robert Wille

SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) has become a popular method to attribute the prediction of a machine learning model on an input to its features. One main challenge of SHAP is the computation time. An exact computation of Shapley values…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-06 Linwei Hu , Ke Wang

In spite of increased attention on explainable machine learning models, explaining multi-output predictions has not yet been extensively addressed. Methods that use Shapley values to attribute feature contributions to the decision making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Célia Wafa Ayad , Thomas Bonnier , Benjamin Bosch , Jesse Read

The SHAP (short for Shapley additive explanation) framework has become an essential tool for attributing importance to variables in predictive tasks. In model-agnostic settings, SHAP uses the concept of Shapley values from cooperative game…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-12 Justin Whitehouse , Ayush Sawarni , Vasilis Syrgkanis

Explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) has gained significant attention in recent years. Among other things, explainablility for deep neural networks has been a topic of intensive research due to the meteoric rise in prominence of deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ly Ly Trieu , Tran Cao Son

Nowadays, the interpretation of why a machine learning (ML) model makes certain inferences is as crucial as the accuracy of such inferences. Some ML models like the decision tree possess inherent interpretability that can be directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Han Yuan , Mingxuan Liu , Lican Kang , Chenkui Miao , Ying Wu

With the rapid growth usage of face recognition in people's daily life, face anti-spoofing becomes increasingly important to avoid malicious attacks. Recent face anti-spoofing models can reach a high classification accuracy on multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Haoyuan Zhang , Xiangyu Zhu , Li Gao , Jiawei Pan , Kai Pang , Guoying Zhao , Zhen Lei

SHAP explanations aim at identifying which features contribute the most to the difference in model prediction at a specific input versus a background distribution. Recent studies have shown that they can be manipulated by malicious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Gabriel Laberge , Ulrich Aïvodji , Satoshi Hara , Mario Marchand. , Foutse Khomh

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has become an increasingly important area of research, particularly as machine learning models are deployed in high-stakes domains. Among various XAI approaches, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Latifa Dwiyanti , Sergio Ryan Wibisono , Hidetaka Nambo

Missing data is a prevalent issue that can significantly impair model performance and explainability. This paper briefly summarizes the development of the field of missing data with respect to Explainable Artificial Intelligence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Tuan L. Vo , Thu Nguyen , Luis M. Lopez-Ramos , Hugo L. Hammer , Michael A. Riegler , Pal Halvorsen

The automatic detection of disinformation presents a significant challenge in the field of natural language processing. This task addresses a multifaceted societal and communication issue, which needs approaches that extend beyond the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Santiago González-Silot , Andrés Montoro-Montarroso , Eugenio Martínez Cámara , Juan Gómez-Romero

Ensemble-based modifications of the well-known SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method for the local explanation of a black-box model are proposed. The modifications aim to simplify SHAP which is computationally expensive when there is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Lev V. Utkin , Andrei V. Konstantinov