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We provide an elementary geometric derivation of the Kac integral formula for the expected number of real zeros of a random polynomial with independent standard normally distributed coefficients. We show that the expected number of real…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Alan Edelman , Eric Kostlan

We obtain the asymptotic variance, as the degree goes to infinity, of the normalized number of real roots of a square Kostlan-Shub-Smale random polynomial system of any size. Our main tools are the Kac-Rice formula for the second factorial…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-05-01 Diego Armentano , Jean-Marc Azaïs , Federico Dalmao , José R. León

We develop a variant of the barrier method in order to address questions about topology of Kostlan random real algebraic plane curves. In particular we prove that the expected number of connected components of the curve of length at least…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Ali Ulaş Özgür Kişisel , Turgay Bayraktar

It is known for a long time that a nonsingular real algebraic curve of degree 2k in the projective plane cannot have more than 7/2*k^2-9/4*k+3/2$ even ovals. We show here that this upper bound is asymptotically sharp, that is to say we…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Erwan brugalle

We give an explicit formula for the expectation of the number of real lines on a random invariant cubic surface, i.e. a surface $Z\subset \mathbb{R}P^3$ defined by a random gaussian polynomial whose probability distribution is invariant…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-06-02 Rida Ait El Manssour , Mara Belotti , Chiara Meroni

We study the expected number of real zeros for random linear combinations of orthogonal polynomials. It is well known that Kac polynomials, spanned by monomials with i.i.d. Gaussian coefficients, have only $(2/\pi + o(1))\log{n}$ expected…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-07 Doron S. Lubinsky , Igor E. Pritsker , Xiaoju Xie

We prove that the expected area of the amoeba of a complex plane curve of degree $d$ is less than $\displaystyle{3\ln(d)^2/2+9\ln(d)+9}$ and once rescaled by $\ln(d)^2$, is asymptotically bounded from below by $3/4$. In order to get this…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-03-04 Ali Ulaş Özgür Kişisel , Jean-Yves Welschinger

We prove a formula for the asymptotic number of edge-colored regular graphs with a prescribed set of allowed vertex-incidence structures. The formula depends on specific critical points of a polynomial encoding the vertex-incidences. As an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-28 Michael Borinsky , Chiara Meroni , Maximilian Wiesmann

It is well known that a random cosine polynomial $ V_n(x) = \sum_ {j=0} ^{n} a_j \cos (j x) , \ x \in (0,2 \pi) $, with the coefficients being independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) real-valued standard Gaussian random variables…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-08-23 Ali Pirhadi

We compute the precise leading asymptotics of the variance of the number of real roots for a large class of random polynomials, where the random coefficients have polynomial growth. Our results apply to many classical ensembles, including…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-01 Yen Q. Do , Nhan D. V. Nguyen

We study the expected number of real zeros for random linear combinations of orthogonal polynomials. It is well known that Kac polynomials, spanned by monomials with i.i.d. Gaussian coefficients, have only $(2/\pi + o(1))\log{n}$ expected…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-19 Igor E. Pritsker , Xiaoju Xie

We study the expected number of real zeros for random linear combinations of orthogonal polynomials. It is well known that Kac polynomials, spanned by monomials with i.i.d. Gaussian coefficients, have only $(2/\pi + o(1))\log{n}$ expected…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-24 D. S. Lubinsky , I. E. Pritsker , X. Xie

In this paper, we study the number of real roots of random trigonometric polynomials with iid coefficients. When the coefficients have zero mean, unit variance and some finite high moments, we show that the variance of the number of real…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-03 Yen Do , Hoi H. Nguyen , Oanh Nguyen

We investigate the asymptotics of the expected number of real roots of random trigonometric polynomials $$ X_n(t)=u+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\sum_{k=1}^n (A_k\cos(kt)+B_k\sin(kt)), \quad t\in [0,2\pi],\quad u\in\mathbb{R} $$ whose coefficients…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-01-11 Hendrik Flasche

We study real bitangents of real algebraic plane curves from two perspectives. We first show that there exists a signed count of such bitangents that only depends on the real topological type of the curve. From this follows that a generic…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-02-07 Thomas Blomme , Erwan Brugallé , Cristhian Garay

The nonsingular real plane algebraic curves of given degree $d$ are considered either up to isotopy or up to deformation. The asymptotic behavior of the number $I_d$ of isotopy classes and the number $D_d$ of deformation classes are…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 S. Yu. Orevkov , V. M. Kharlamov

Let K be a d-dimensional convex body, and let $K^{(n)}$ be the intersection of n halfspaces containing $K$ whose bounding hyperplanes are independent and identically distributed. Under suitable distributional assumptions, we prove an…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-10-15 Károly J. Böröczky , Ferenc Fodor , Daniel Hug

This paper studies the convex hull of $d$-dimensional samples i.i.d. generated from spherically symmetric distributions. Specifically, we derive a complete integration formula for the expected facet number of the convex hull. This formula…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-16 Feng Zhao , Xinyi Tong , Shao-Lun Huang

We prove that, for every set of $n$ points $\mathcal{P}$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$, a random plane graph drawn on $\mathcal{P}$ is expected to contain less than $n/10.18$ isolated vertices. In the other direction, we construct a point set where the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-14 Neely Lovvorn , Oscar Murillo-Espinoza , Adam Sheffer

We study asymptotic clustering of zeros of random polynomials, and show that the expected discrepancy of roots of a polynomial of degree $n$, with not necessarily independent coefficients, decays like $\sqrt{\log n/n}$. Our proofs rely on…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2013-07-24 Igor E. Pritsker , Alan A. Sola
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