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Deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents achieve impressive results in a wide variety of tasks, but they lack zero-shot adaptation capabilities. While most robustness evaluations focus on tasks complexifications, for which human also…

Deep reinforcement learning has become popular over recent years, showing superiority on different visual-input tasks such as playing Atari games and robot navigation. Although objects are important image elements, few work considers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Yuezhang Li , Katia Sycara , Rahul Iyer

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a popular machine learning paradigm where intelligent agents interact with the environment to fulfill a long-term goal. Driven by the resurgence of deep learning, Deep RL (DRL) has witnessed great success over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Yunpeng Qing , Shunyu Liu , Jie Song , Yang Zhou , Kaixuan Chen , Huiqiong Wang , Mingli Song

From a young age humans learn to use grammatical principles to hierarchically combine words into sentences. Action grammars is the parallel idea, that there is an underlying set of rules (a "grammar") that govern how we hierarchically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Petros Christodoulou , Robert Tjarko Lange , Ali Shafti , A. Aldo Faisal

The Arcade Learning Environment (ALE) is proposed as an evaluation platform for empirically assessing the generality of agents across dozens of Atari 2600 games. ALE offers various challenging problems and has drawn significant attention…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Jiajun Fan

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm in Artificial Intelligence (AI), enabling agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with their environments. Drawing from the foundations of trial and error, RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Majid Ghasemi , Amir Hossein Moosavi , Dariush Ebrahimi

One of the most prominent methods for explaining the behavior of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agents is the generation of saliency maps that show how much each pixel attributed to the agents' decision. However, there is no work that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Tobias Huber , Benedikt Limmer , Elisabeth André

The recent breakthroughs of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) technique in Alpha Go and playing Atari have set a good example in handling large state and actions spaces of complicated control problems. The DRL technique is comprised of (i)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-12 Hongjia Li , Tianshu Wei , Ao Ren , Qi Zhu , Yanzhi Wang

Deep reinforcement learning, applied to vision-based problems like Atari games, maps pixels directly to actions; internally, the deep neural network bears the responsibility of both extracting useful information and making decisions based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Giuseppe Cuccu , Julian Togelius , Philippe Cudre-Mauroux

Action-value estimation is a critical component of many reinforcement learning (RL) methods whereby sample complexity relies heavily on how fast a good estimator for action value can be learned. By viewing this problem through the lens of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Arash Tavakoli , Mehdi Fatemi , Petar Kormushev

Feature attribution has been a foundational building block for explaining the input feature importance in supervised learning with Deep Neural Network (DNNs), but face new challenges when applied to deep Reinforcement Learning (RL).We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Xuan Chen , Zifan Wang , Yucai Fan , Bonan Jin , Piotr Mardziel , Carlee Joe-Wong , Anupam Datta

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been around for decades and employed to solve various sequential decision-making problems. These algorithms however have faced great challenges when dealing with high-dimensional environments. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Saeid Nahavandi

Enabling humans to identify potential flaws in an agent's decision making is an important Explainable AI application. We consider identifying such flaws in a planning-based deep reinforcement learning (RL) agent for a complex real-time…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Kin-Ho Lam , Zhengxian Lin , Jed Irvine , Jonathan Dodge , Zeyad T Shureih , Roli Khanna , Minsuk Kahng , Alan Fern

Since deep neural networks' resurgence, reinforcement learning has gradually strengthened and surpassed humans in many conventional games. However, it is not easy to copy these accomplishments to autonomous driving because state spaces are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-14 B. Udugama

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been successfully applied in several research domains such as robot navigation and automated video game playing. However, these methods require excessive computation and interaction with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Ayberk Aydın , Elif Surer

Explainable reinforcement learning allows artificial agents to explain their behavior in a human-like manner aiming at non-expert end-users. An efficient alternative of creating explanations is to use an introspection-based method that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Angel Ayala , Francisco Cruz , Bruno Fernandes , Richard Dazeley

Ring attractors, mathematical models inspired by neural circuit dynamics, provide a biologically plausible mechanism to improve learning speed and accuracy in Reinforcement Learning (RL). Serving as specialized brain-inspired structures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Marcos Negre Saura , Richard Allmendinger , Wei Pan , Theodore Papamarkou

Recent work has described neural-network-based agents that are trained with reinforcement learning (RL) to execute language-like commands in simulated worlds, as a step towards an intelligent agent or robot that can be instructed by human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Felix Hill , Sona Mokra , Nathaniel Wong , Tim Harley

Atari games have been a long-standing benchmark in the reinforcement learning (RL) community for the past decade. This benchmark was proposed to test general competency of RL algorithms. Previous work has achieved good average performance…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved significant milestones in the gaming domain, most notably Google DeepMind's AlphaGo defeating human Go champion Ken Jie. This victory was also made possible through the Atari Learning Environment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Christian A. Schiller