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There is increasing evidence that many km-sized bodies in the Solar System are piles of rubble bound together by gravity. We present results from a project to map the parameter space of collisions between km-sized spherical rubble piles.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Z. M. Leinhardt , D. C. Richardson , T. Quinn

We present conclusions from a large number of N-body simulations of the giant impact phase of terrestrial planet formation. We focus on new results obtained from the recently proposed Grand Tack model, which couples the gas-driven migration…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-12 Seth A. Jacobson , Alessandro Morbidelli

It has been suggested that the ejection to interplanetary space of terrestrial crustal material, accelerated in a large impact, may result in the interchange of biological material between Earth and other Solar System bodies. In this paper,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 M. Reyes-Ruiz , C. E. Chavez , M. S. Hernandez , R. Vazquez , H. Aceves , P. G. Nuñez

Exomoons orbiting terrestrial or super-terrestrial exoplanets have not yet been discovered; their possible existence and properties are therefore still an unresolved question. Here we explore the collisional formation of exomoons through…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-29 Uri Malamud , Hagai B. Perets , Christoph Schaefer , Christoph Burger

As a complement to experimental and theoretical approaches, numerical modeling has become an important component to study asteroid collisions and impact processes. In the last decade, there have been significant advances in both…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-07 Martin Jutzi , Keith Holsapple , Kai Wünneman , Patrick Michel

As planetary embryos grow, gravitational stirring of planetesimals by embryos strongly enhances random velocities of planetesimals and makes collisions between planetesimals destructive. The resulting fragments are ground down by successive…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Hiroshi Kobayashi , Hidekazu Tanaka , Alexander V. Krivov , Satoshi Inaba

Most meteorites are fragments from recent collisions experienced in the asteroid belt. In such a hyper-velocity collision, the smaller collision partner is destroyed, whereas a crater on the asteroid is formed or it is entirely disrupted,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-15 Eike Beitz , Jürgen Blum , M. Gabriela Parisi , Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez

Following the recent insight in the material structure of comets, protoplanetesimals are assumed to have low densities and to be highly porous agglomerates. It is still unclear if planetesimals can be formed from these objects by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-07-30 C. Schäfer , R. Speith , W. Kley

Our knowledge of the strengths of small bodies in the Solar System is limited by our poor understanding of their internal structures, and this, in turn, clouds our understanding of the formation and evolution of these bodies. Observations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-09-24 Ronald-Louis Ballouz , Derek C Richardson , Patrick Michel , Stephen R. Schwartz , Yang Yu

As a byproduct of sub-Neptune formation, planetary embryos with high eccentricity can remain in outer orbits, near 1 au from the star. In this work, we investigate the long-term evolution of systems consisting of close-in sub-Neptunes (SNs)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-12 Yaxing He , Masahiro Ogihara , Kangrou Guo

During the final stage of planetary formation, different formation pathways of planetary embryos could significantly influence the observed variations in planetary densities. Of the approximately 5,000 exoplanets identified to date, a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-07 Jingyao Dou , Philip J. Carter , Zoë M. Leinhardt

Exoplanetary systems host giant planets on substantially non-circular, close-in orbits. We propose that these eccentricities arise in a phase of giant impacts, analogous to the final stage of Solar System assembly that formed Earth's Moon.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-06 Renata Frelikh , Hyerin Jang , Ruth A. Murray-Clay , Cristobal Petrovich

Terrestrial planets are believed to be formed via giant impacts of Mars-sized protoplanets. Planets formed via giant impacts have highly eccentric orbits. A swarm of planetesimals around the planets may lead to eccentricity damping for the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Hiroshi Kobayashi , Kazuhide Isoya , Yutaro Sato

Collisions are the core agent of planet formation. In this work, we derive an analytic description of the dynamical outcome for any collision between gravity-dominated bodies. We conduct high-resolution simulations of collisions between…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-19 Zoë M. Leinhardt , Sarah T. Stewart

We extend the results of planetary formation synthesis by computing the long-term evolution of synthetic systems from the clearing of the gas disk into the dynamical evolution phase. We use the symplectic integrator SyMBA to numerically…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 S. Pfyffer , Y. Alibert , W. Benz , D. Swoboda

The formation of giant planets requires accumulation of ~10 Earth mass in solids; but how do protoplanets acquire their mass? There are many, often competing processes that regulate the accretion rate of protoplanets. To assess their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Chris Ormel , Hiroshi Kobayashi

It is generally accepted that silicate-metal (`rocky') planet formation relies on coagulation from a mixture of sub-Mars sized planetary embryos and (smaller) planetesimals that dynamically emerge from the evolving circum-solar disc in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-26 R. Brasser , S. J. Mojzsis , S. C. Werner , S. Matsumura , S. Ida

The observed population of Hot Jupiters displays a stunning variety of physical properties, including a wide range of densities and core sizes for a given planetary mass. Motivated by the observational sample, this paper studies the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Jacob A. Ketchum , Fred C. Adams , Anthony M. Bloch

In the late stage of terrestrial planet formation, planets are predicted to undergo pairwise collisions known as giant impacts. Here we present a high-resolution database of giant impacts for differentiated colliding bodies of iron-silicate…

Terrestrial planet formation theory is at a bottleneck, with the growing realization that pairwise collisions are treated far too simply. Here, and in our companion paper (Cambioni et al. 2019) that introduces the training methodology, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-28 Alexandre Emsenhuber , Saverio Cambioni , Erik Asphaug , Travis S. J. Gabriel , Stephen R. Schwartz , Roberto Furfaro