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We study the voting problem with two alternatives where voters' preferences depend on a not-directly-observable state variable. While equilibria in the one-round voting mechanisms lead to a good decision, they are usually hard to compute…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Qishen Han , Grant Schoenebeck , Biaoshuai Tao , Lirong Xia

While generic competitive systems exhibit mixtures of hierarchy and cycles, real-world systems are predominantly hierarchical. We demonstrate and extend a mechanism for hierarchy; systems with similar agents approach perfect hierarchy in…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-12 Christopher Cebra , Alexander Strang

A Condorcet cycle election is an election (often called a Social Welfare Function, or SWF) between three candidates, where each voter ranks the three candidates according to a fixed cyclic order. Maskin showed that if such a SWF obeys the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Gabriel Gendler

When each voter rates or ranks several candidates for a single office, a strong Condorcet winner (SCW) is one who beats all others in two-way races. Among 21 electoral systems examined, 18 will sometimes make candidate X the winner even if…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-09-22 Richard B. Darlington

In an election where $n$ voters rank $m$ candidates, a Condorcet winning set is a committee of $k$ candidates such that for any outside candidate, a majority of voters prefer some committee member. Condorcet's paradox shows that some…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Itai Zilberstein , Ratip Emin Berker , George Li , Ruben Martins

Condorcet domains are fundamental objects in the theory of majority voting; they are sets of linear orders with the property that if every voter picks a linear order from this set, assuming that the number of voters is odd, and alternatives…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Bei Zhou , Klas Markström

The outcome of an election depends not only on which candidate is more popular, but also on how many of their voters actually turn out to vote. Here we consider a simple model in which voters abstain from voting if they think their vote…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-12-01 Ekaterina Landgren , Jonas L. Juul , Steven H. Strogatz

Despite extensive theoretical research on proportionality in approval-based multiwinner voting, its impact on which committees and candidates can be selected in practice remains poorly understood. We address this gap by (i) analyzing the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Niclas Boehmer , Lara Glessen , Jannik Peters

By the Gibbard--Satterthwaite theorem, every reasonable voting rule for three or more alternatives is susceptible to manipulation: there exist elections where one or more voters can change the election outcome in their favour by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Edith Elkind , Umberto Grandi , Francesca Rossi , Arkadii Slinko

The Condorcet criterion (CC) is a classical and well-accepted criterion for voting. Unfortunately, it is incompatible with many other desiderata including participation (Par), half-way monotonicity (HM), Maskin monotonicity (MM), and…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-08-22 Lirong Xia

We experimentally study voter turnout in two-tier elections when the electorate consists of multiple groups, such as states. Votes are aggregated within the groups by the winner-take-all rule or the proportional rule, and the group-level…

General Economics · Economics 2024-08-19 Yoichi Hizen , Kazuya Kikuchi , Yukio Koriyama , Takehito Masuda

We consider voting on multiple independent binary issues. In addition, a weighting vector for each voter defines how important they consider each issue. The most natural way to aggregate the votes into a single unified proposal is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Carmel Baharav , Andrei Constantinescu , Roger Wattenhofer

Majority voting is one of the few black-box interventions that can improve a fixed stochastic predictor: repeated access can be cheaper than changing a high-capability model. Classical fixed-competence theory makes this intervention look…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yi Liu

We study proportional representation in the temporal voting model, where collective decisions are made repeatedly over time over a fixed horizon. Prior work has extensively investigated how proportional representation axioms from…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Nicholas Teh

Multiwinner voting rules are used to select a small representative subset of candidates or items from a larger set given the preferences of voters. However, if candidates have sensitive attributes such as gender or ethnicity (when selecting…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-06-20 L. Elisa Celis , Lingxiao Huang , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

In social choice theory with ordinal preferences, a voting method satisfies the axiom of positive involvement if adding to a preference profile a voter who ranks an alternative uniquely first cannot cause that alternative to go from winning…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-04-01 Wesley H. Holliday

Quota-based fairness mechanisms like the so-called Rooney rule or four-fifths rule are used in selection problems such as hiring or college admission to reduce inequalities based on sensitive demographic attributes. These mechanisms are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Vitalii Emelianov , Nicolas Gast , Krishna P. Gummadi , Patrick Loiseau

Condorcet's Jury Theorem has been invoked for ensemble classifiers to indicate that the combination of many classifiers can have better predictive performance than a single classifier. Such a theoretical underpinning is unknown for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-11 Brijnesh J. Jain

Condorcet domains are subsets of permutations arising in voting theory: regarding their permutations as preference orders on a list of candidates, one avoids Condorcet's paradox when aggregating the preferences via a simple majority…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Victor Reiner , Bridget Eileen Tenner

In multiwinner approval voting, the goal is to select $k$-member committees based on voters' approval ballots. A well-studied concept of proportionality in this context is the justified representation (JR) axiom, which demands that no large…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Edith Elkind , Piotr Faliszewski , Ayumi Igarashi , Pasin Manurangsi , Ulrike Schmidt-Kraepelin , Warut Suksompong