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Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises provably secure communications. In order to improve the secret key rate, combining a biased basis choice with the decoy-state method is proposed. Concomitantly, there is a basis-independent detection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Hua-Lei Yin , Peng Liu , Wei-Wei Dai , Zhao-Hui Ci , Jie Gu , Tian Gao , Qiang-Wei Wang , Zi-Yao Shen

Quantum key distribution (QKD) permits information-theoretically secure transmission of digital encryption keys, assuming that the behaviour of the devices employed for the key exchange can be reliably modelled and predicted. Remarkably, no…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has often been hailed as a reliable technology for secure communication in cyber-physical microgrids. Even though unauthorized key measurements are not possible in QKD, attempts to read them can disturb…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Suman Rath , Neel Kanth Kundu , Subham Sahoo

We investigate the optimization of epsilon-security parameters in quantum key distribution (QKD), aiming to improve the achievable secure key rate under a fixed overall composable security level. For this purpose, we employ a continuous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Alexander G. Mountogiannakis , Stefano Pirandola

Quantum security improves cryptographic protocols by applying quantum mechanics principles, assuring resistance to both quantum and conventional computer attacks. This work addresses these issues by integrating Quantum Key Distribution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Tasmin Karim , Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon , Md. Fahim Sultan , Mst Shapna Akter

Semi-quantum key distribution protocols are designed to allow two parties to establish a shared secret key, secure against an all-powerful adversary, even when one of the users is restricted to measuring and preparing quantum states in one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-15 Omar Amer , Walter O. Krawec

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most explored application of quantum information theory. A central problem in entanglement-based QKD (EB-QKD), is whether every entangled state can be used to extract a key. We observe that entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Shubhayan Sarkar , Tushita Prasad , Karol Horodecki

Quantum Key Distribution or QKD provides symmetric key distribution using the quantum mechanics/channels with new security properties. The security of QKD relies on the difficulty of the quantum state discrimination problem. We discover…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-23 Yaroslav Balytskyi , Manohar Raavi , Anatoliy Pinchuk , Sang-Yoon Chang

Mutually unbiased bases have been extensively studied in the literature and are simple and effective in quantum key distribution protocols, but they are not optimal. Here equiangular spherical codes are introduced as a more efficient and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-23 Joseph M. Renes

We provide an analysis of a new family of device independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols with several novel features: (a) The bits used for the secret key do not come from the results of the measurements on an entangled state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-09 Ramij Rahaman , Matthew G. Parker , Piotr Mironowicz , Marcin Pawłowski

We study the security of a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol under the one-sided device-independent (1sDI) setting, which assumes trust in only one party's measurement device. This approach effectively provides a balance between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Pritam Roy , Subhankar Bera , A. S. Majumdar

We investigate the security bounds of quantum cryptographic protocols using $d$-level systems. In particular, we focus on schemes that use two mutually unbiased bases, thus extending the BB84 quantum key distribution scheme to higher…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Georgios M. Nikolopoulos , Gernot Alber

Quantum key distribution (QKD) stands as a pioneering method for establishing information-theoretically secure communication channels by utilizing the principles of quantum mechanics. In the security proof of QKD, the phase error rate…

We here present the rate analysis and a proof of principle realization of a device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol requiring the lowest detection efficiency necessary to achieve a secure key compared to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-08 Giuseppe Vallone , Alberto Dall'Arche , Marco Tomasin , Paolo Villoresi

Since the invention of Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol, many quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols have been proposed and some protocols are operated even in field environments. One of the striking features of QKD is that QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-18 Hiroki Takesue , Toshihiko Sasaki , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Masato Koashi

We provide security bounds against coherent attacks for two families of quantum key distribution protocols that use $d$-dimensional quantum systems. In the asymptotic regime, both the secret key rate for fixed noise and the robustness to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 Lana Sheridan , Valerio Scarani

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a theoretically secure method for cryptographic key exchange by leveraging quantum mechanics, but practical implementations face vulnerabilities such as Trojan horse attack on phase modulators. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-03 Aleksei Reutov

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises everlasting security based on the laws of physics. Most common protocols are grouped into two distinct categories based on the degrees of freedom used to carry information, which can be either…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-28 Jasminder S. Sidhu , Rocco Maggi , Saverio Pascazio , Cosmo Lupo

In practical quantum key distribution (QKD) system, the state preparation and measurement are imperfect comparing with the ideal BB84 protocol, which are always state-dependent in practical realizations. If the state-dependent imperfections…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-21 Hong-Wei Li , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Zheng-Fu Han , Wan-Su Bao , Guang-Can Guo

This article provides the unconditional security of a semi quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol based on 3-dimensional quantum states. By deriving a lower bound for the key rate, in the asymptotic scenario, as a function of the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-08 Hasnaa Hajji , Morad El Baz
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