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In a Stackelberg congestion game (SCG), a leader aims to maximize their own gain by anticipating and manipulating the equilibrium state at which the followers settle by playing a congestion game. Often formulated as bilevel programs,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Jiayang Li , Jing Yu , Qianni Wang , Boyi Liu , Zhaoran Wang , Yu Marco Nie

We study Stackelberg (leader--follower) tuning of network parameters (tolls, capacities, incentives) in combinatorial congestion games, where selfish users choose discrete routes (or other combinatorial strategies) and settle at a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Saeed Masiha , Sepehr Elahi , Negar Kiyavash , Patrick Thiran

Computational advertising has been studied to design efficient marketing strategies that maximize the number of acquired customers. In an increased competitive market, however, a market leader (a leader) requires the acquisition of new…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Daisuke Hatano , Yuko Kuroki , Yasushi Kawase , Hanna Sumita , Naonori Kakimura , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi

We extend the formalism of Conjectural Variations games to Stackelberg games involving multiple leaders and a single follower. To solve these nonconvex games, a common assumption is that the leaders compute their strategies having perfect…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Francesco Morri , Hélène Le Cadre , Luce Brotcorne

Interactions among selfish users sharing a common transmission channel can be modeled as a non-cooperative game using the game theory framework. When selfish users choose their transmission probabilities independently without any…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2009-05-31 Jaeok Park , Mihaela van der Schaar

In this paper, we showcase the interplay between discrete and continuous optimization in network-structured settings. We propose the first fully decentralized optimization method for a wide class of non-convex objective functions that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-13 Aryan Mokhtari , Hamed Hassani , Amin Karbasi

The Stackelberg game depicts a leader-follower relationship wherein decisions are made sequentially, and the Stackelberg equilibrium represents an expected optimal solution when the leader can anticipate the rational response of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Yue Chen , Peng Yi

Hierarchical decision making problems, such as bilevel programs and Stackelberg games, are attracting increasing interest in both the engineering and machine learning communities. Yet, existing solution methods lack either convergence…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Panagiotis D. Grontas , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Carlo Cenedese , Marta Fochesato , John Lygeros , Florian Dörfler

We consider a network equilibrium model (i.e. a combined model), which was proposed as an alternative to the classic four-step approach for travel forecasting in transportation networks. This model can be formulated as a convex minimization…

In this paper, we introduce a generalization of the standard Stackelberg Games (SGs) framework: Calibrated Stackelberg Games (CSGs). In CSGs, a principal repeatedly interacts with an agent who (contrary to standard SGs) does not have direct…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Nika Haghtalab , Chara Podimata , Kunhe Yang

To improve the safety and efficiency of the intelligent transportation system, particularly in complex urban scenarios, in this paper a game theoretic decision-making framework is designed for connected automated vehicles (CAVs) at…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-12 Peng Hang , Chao Huang , Zhongxu Hu , Yang Xing , Chen Lv

We investigate a co-design problem, encompassing simultaneous design of system infrastructure and control, through a game-theoretical framework. To this end, we propose the co-design problem as a two-layer hierarchical strategic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Julian Barreiro-Gomez , Ye Wang

Stackelberg equilibrium is a solution concept that describes optimal strategies to commit: Player 1 (the leader) first commits to a strategy that is publicly announced, then Player 2 (the follower) plays a best response to the leader's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Aditya Aradhye , Branislav Bošanský , Michael Hlaváček

Coordination games have been of interest to game theorists, economists, and ecologists for many years to study such problems as the emergence of local conventions and the evolution of cooperative behavior. Approaches for understanding the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-09 John S. McAlister , Nina H. Fefferman

Strategic interaction in congested systems is commonly modelled using Stackelberg games, where competing leaders anticipate the behaviour of self-interested followers. A key limitation of existing models is that they typically ignore agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Niloofar Aminikalibar , Farzaneh Farhadi , Maria Chli

We propose a two-layer, semi-decentralized algorithm to compute a local solution to the Stackelberg equilibrium problem in aggregative games with coupling constraints. Specifically, we focus on a single-leader, multiple-follower problem,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-17 Filippo Fabiani , Mohammad Amin Tajeddini , Hamed Kebriaei , Sergio Grammatico

This paper studies a class of dynamic Stackelberg games under open-loop information structure with constrained linear agent dynamics and quadratic utility functions. We show two important properties for this class of dynamic Stackelberg…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-09 Sen Li , Wei Zhang , Jianming Lian , Karanjit Kalsi

We study Stackelberg equilibria in finitely repeated games, where the leader commits to a strategy that picks actions in each round and can be adaptive to the history of play (i.e. they commit to an algorithm). In particular, we study…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Natalie Collina , Eshwar Ram Arunachaleswaran , Michael Kearns

In dynamic noncooperative games, each player makes conjectures about other players' reactions before choosing a strategy. However, resulting equilibria may be multiple and do not always lead to desirable outcomes. These issues are typically…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Francesco Morri , Hélène Le Cadre , David Salas , Didier Aussel

We consider a class of discrete optimization problems that aim to maximize a submodular objective function subject to a distributed partition matroid constraint. More precisely, we consider a networked scenario in which multiple agents…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-19 Alexander Robey , Arman Adibi , Brent Schlotfeldt , George J. Pappas , Hamed Hassani
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