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This paper reviews a class of univariate piecewise polynomial functions known as discrete splines, which share properties analogous to the better-known class of spline functions, but where continuity in derivatives is replaced by (a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-26 Ryan J. Tibshirani

Our goal is to provide a review of deep learning methods which provide insight into structured high-dimensional data. Rather than using shallow additive architectures common to most statistical models, deep learning uses layers of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-11 Nick Polson , Vadim Sokolov

Machine learning pipelines often rely on optimization procedures to make discrete decisions (e.g., sorting, picking closest neighbors, or shortest paths). Although these discrete decisions are easily computed, they break the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Quentin Berthet , Mathieu Blondel , Olivier Teboul , Marco Cuturi , Jean-Philippe Vert , Francis Bach

Probabilistic programs with mixed support (both continuous and discrete latent random variables) commonly appear in many probabilistic programming systems (PPSs). However, the existence of the discrete random variables prohibits many basic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-06 David Tolpin , Yuan Zhou , Hongseok Yang

Many optimization problems require balancing multiple conflicting objectives. As gradient descent is limited to single-objective optimization, we introduce its direct generalization: Jacobian descent (JD). This algorithm iteratively updates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Pierre Quinton , Valérian Rey

Integrating hard constraints into deep learning is essential for safety-critical systems. Yet existing constructive layers that project predictions onto constraint boundaries face a fundamental bottleneck: gradient saturation. By collapsing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Philipp J. Schneider , Daniel Kuhn

Accurate and efficient prediction of multi-scale flows remains a formidable challenge. Constructing theoretical models and numerical methods often involves the design and optimization of parameters. While gradient descent methods have been…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Tianbai Xiao

In the past years, deep learning models have been successfully applied in several cognitive tasks. Originally inspired by neuroscience, these models are specific examples of differentiable programs. In this paper we define and motivate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Adrián Hernández , Gilles Millerioux , José M. Amigó

This article aims to demonstrate and discuss the applications of automatic differentiation (AD) for finding derivatives in PDE-constrained optimization problems and Jacobians in non-linear finite element analysis. The main idea is to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Julian Andrej , Tzanio Kolev , Boyan Lazarov

Fractional-order differentiation has many characteristics different from integer-order differentiation. These characteristics can be applied to the optimization algorithms of artificial neural networks to obtain better results. However, due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Xiaojun zhou , Chunna Zhao , Yaqun Huang , Chengli Zhou , Junjie Ye , Kemeng Xiang

Fast, gradient-based structural optimization has long been limited to a highly restricted subset of problems -- namely, density-based compliance minimization -- for which gradients can be analytically derived. For other objective functions,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Keith J. Lee , Yijiang Huang , Caitlin T. Mueller

Discriminative linear models are a popular tool in machine learning. These can be generally divided into two types: The first is linear classifiers, such as support vector machines, which are well studied and provide state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Koby Crammer , Amir Globerson

Differentiable programming, enabled by automatic differentiation (AD), provides a robust framework for gradient-based optimization in computational plasma physics. While optimization is often only used towards design, we demonstrate that it…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 A. S. Joglekar , A. G. R. Thomas , A. L. Milder , K. G. Miller , J. P. Palastro , D. H. Froula

Most camera lens systems are designed in isolation, separately from downstream computer vision methods. Recently, joint optimization approaches that design lenses alongside other components of the image acquisition and processing pipeline…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Geoffroi Côté , Fahim Mannan , Simon Thibault , Jean-François Lalonde , Felix Heide

In this work, we introduce a novel framework for privately optimizing objectives that rely on Wasserstein distances between data-dependent empirical measures. Our main theoretical contribution is, based on an explicit formulation of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 David Rodríguez-Vítores , Clément Lalanne , Jean-Michel Loubes

The data driven extrapolation requires the definition of a functional model depending on the available data and has the application scope of providing reliable predictions on the unknown dynamics. Since data might be scattered, we drive our…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-24 Rosanna Campagna , Emma Perracchione

While backpropagation--reverse-mode automatic differentiation--has been extraordinarily successful in deep learning, it requires two passes (forward and backward) through the neural network and the storage of intermediate activations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Daniel Wang , Evan Markou , Dylan Campbell

This paper deals with differentiable dynamical models congruent with neural process theories that cast brain function as the hierarchical refinement of an internal generative model explaining observations. Our work extends existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 André Ofner , Sebastian Stober

We introduce differentiable indirection -- a novel learned primitive that employs differentiable multi-scale lookup tables as an effective substitute for traditional compute and data operations across the graphics pipeline. We demonstrate…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Sayantan Datta , Carl Marshall , Derek Nowrouzezahrai , Zhao Dong , Zhengqin Li

Derivative-based algorithms are ubiquitous in statistics, machine learning, and applied mathematics. Automatic differentiation offers an algorithmic way to efficiently evaluate these derivatives from computer programs that execute relevant…

Computation · Statistics 2022-03-01 Charles C. Margossian , Michael Betancourt