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Machine Learning explainability techniques have been proposed as a means of `explaining' or interrogating a model in order to understand why a particular decision or prediction has been made. Such an ability is especially important at a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-28 Matthew J. Vowels

Regression by composition provides a flexible framework for constructing conditional distributions through sequential group actions. However, when multiple flows act on the same distribution, the model becomes non-identifiable, leading to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-30 Safaa K. Kadhem

Fairness of machine learning models in healthcare has drawn increasing attention from clinicians, researchers, and even at the highest level of government. On the other hand, the importance of developing and deploying interpretable or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Mary M. Lucas , Xiaoyang Wang , Chia-Hsuan Chang , Christopher C. Yang , Jacqueline E. Braughton , Quyen M. Ngo

Although adversarial training (AT) has proven effective in enhancing the model's robustness, the recently revealed issue of fairness in robustness has not been well addressed, i.e. the robust accuracy varies significantly among different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yanghao Zhang , Tianle Zhang , Ronghui Mu , Xiaowei Huang , Wenjie Ruan

We introduce a logical approach to formalizing statistical properties of machine learning. Specifically, we propose a formal model for statistical classification based on a Kripke model, and formalize various notions of classification…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Yusuke Kawamoto

Despite extraordinary progress, current machine learning systems have been shown to be brittle against adversarial examples: seemingly innocuous but carefully crafted perturbations of test examples that cause machine learning predictors to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Omar Montasser

A predictive model makes outcome predictions based on some given features, i.e., it estimates the conditional probability of the outcome given a feature vector. In general, a predictive model cannot estimate the causal effect of a feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Ziqi Xu , Ha Xuan Tran , Thuc Duy Le , Jixue Liu

It is generally believed that robust training of extremely large networks is critical to their success in real-world applications. However, when taken to the extreme, methods that promote robustness can hurt the model's sensitivity to rare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Seungyeon Kim , Daniel Glasner , Srikumar Ramalingam , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Kishore Papineni , Sanjiv Kumar

This thesis scrutinizes common assumptions underlying traditional machine learning approaches to fairness in consequential decision making. After challenging the validity of these assumptions in real-world applications, we propose ways to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Niki Kilbertus

The origin of adversarial examples is still inexplicable in research fields, and it arouses arguments from various viewpoints, albeit comprehensive investigations. In this paper, we propose a way of delving into the unexpected vulnerability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Junho Kim , Byung-Kwan Lee , Yong Man Ro

Causal modeling has long been an attractive topic for many researchers and in recent decades there has seen a surge in theoretical development and discovery algorithms. Generally discovery algorithms can be divided into two approaches:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-06 Ridho Rahmadi , Perry Groot , Marianne Heins , Hans Knoop , Tom Heskes

Fair machine learning is receiving an increasing attention in machine learning fields. Researchers in fair learning have developed correlation or association-based measures such as demographic disparity, mistreatment disparity, calibration,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Wen Huang , Yongkai Wu , Lu Zhang , Xintao Wu

Optimizing prediction accuracy can come at the expense of fairness. Towards minimizing discrimination against a group, fair machine learning algorithms strive to equalize the behavior of a model across different groups, by imposing a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-17 Hongyan Chang , Ta Duy Nguyen , Sasi Kumar Murakonda , Ehsan Kazemi , Reza Shokri

Doubly robust learning offers a robust framework for causal inference from observational data by integrating propensity score and outcome modeling. Despite its theoretical appeal, practical adoption remains limited due to perceived…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-09 Hlynur Davíð Hlynsson

Recommender systems are one of the most pervasive applications of machine learning in industry, with many services using them to match users to products or information. As such it is important to ask: what are the possible fairness risks,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Alex Beutel , Jilin Chen , Tulsee Doshi , Hai Qian , Li Wei , Yi Wu , Lukasz Heldt , Zhe Zhao , Lichan Hong , Ed H. Chi , Cristos Goodrow

While machine learning models have achieved unprecedented success in real-world applications, they might make biased/unfair decisions for specific demographic groups and hence result in discriminative outcomes. Although research efforts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Yuying Zhao , Yu Wang , Tyler Derr

Knowing the features of a complex system that are highly relevant to a particular target variable is of fundamental interest in many areas of science. Existing approaches are often limited to linear settings, sometimes lack guarantees, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Francesco Quinzan , Ashkan Soleymani , Patrick Jaillet , Cristian R. Rojas , Stefan Bauer

A causal claim is any assertion that invokes causal relationships between variables, for example that a drug has a certain effect on preventing a disease. Causal claims are established through a combination of data and a set of causal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-19 Judea Pearl

In addition to high accuracy, robustness is becoming increasingly important for machine learning models in various applications. Recently, much research has been devoted to improving the model robustness by training with noise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Kun-Peng Ning , Lue Tao , Songcan Chen , Sheng-Jun Huang

We propose a novel method for modeling data by using structural models based on economic theory as regularizers for statistical models. We show that even if a structural model is misspecified, as long as it is informative about the…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-06-15 Jiaming Mao , Zhesheng Zheng